This volume is written for readers of the Bible. It is intended to provide historical backgrounds concerning the peoples and lands of the Bible and is meant to supplement a study of the biblical narrative itself. Thus it is not a traditional history of the ancient Near East, because it does not address all periods and all societies but has its focus on those that enlighten the biblical text. It is also written with those Bible readers in mind who travel or study in Bible lands, with emphasis on places and artifacts that visitors frequently see today. This book is not a Religious Studies Center publication. It was produced by the RSC on behalf of the Jerusalem Center for Near Eastern Studies, Brigham Young University.