600 1. “Erastus Snows Journal Continued from Sketch Book No. 5,” 21–22, 28–29, photocopy, UPB. Millennial Star 13:232.

2. European Mission Financial Records, 7:479, 509.

3. European Mission Financial Records, 7:457–658.

4. Wheelock and McDonald, Invitation, 4. Taylor, Government of God, back wrapper. Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool (Liverpool, 1856), 1. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C.

602 1. “Erastus Snows Journal Continued from Sketch Book No. 5,” 29–30. Erastus Snow, “A Summary of the Danish Mission,” photocopy, UPB. Andrew Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission (Salt Lake City, 1927), 30–31.

2. This reference to Mærkværdige Syner in Snow’s “Summary” undoubtedly refers to the first edition, since it is unlikely that a second edition would have be published within six months of the first.

604 1. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 17 March, 2 April, 2 June, 18 August, 21 August, 24 August 1851. Millennial Star 14:210.

2. Millennial Star 13:144, 154, 249–50, 266.

3. Taylor, Government of God, back wrapper. Pearl of Great Price (Liverpool, 1851), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C.

4. European Mission Financial Records, 7:559, 653, 659; 8:50. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:144, typescript, UPB.

5. Sacred Hymns and Spiritual Songs (Liverpool, 1851), v. Millennial Star 13:249. Helen Hanks Macaré, “A Comprehensive List of Hymns Appearing in Official Hymnals of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1835–1950,” accompanying “The Singing Saints: A Study of the Mormon Hymnal, 1835–1950” (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1961).

The one exception is “When All Thy Mercies, O My God,” which is in the eighth edition as number 119, and in the ninth edition as number 282 along with an unnumbered new second part “When Worn by Sickness, Oft Has Thou.” Both “When All Thy Mercies” and “When Worn by Sickness” are listed in the index with an asterisk, so there are actually seventy-seven hymns designated with an asterisk in the index. Counting “When Worn by Sickness” as a new hymn but not counting “When All Thy Mercies,” gives seventy-six new hymns—as Richards claimed in the preface.

6. Macaré, “A Comprehensive List of Hymns.”

605 1. Millennial Star 11:159, 176; 12:15, 345; 13:15, 207; 14:15, 112, 171, 177, 206–7, 319; 15:79, 106, 137.

For a biographical sketch of Wheelock, see items 70–71, note 7.

2. Two other poems by Hawthornthwaite are in the Millennial Star of May 15, 1849, and December 1, 1850.

607–609 1. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:136–38. “Journal of John S. Higbee,” vol. 3, 15 September 1851, microfilm, USlC.

North Shields, just north of South Shields across the Tyne River, is about five miles northeast of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

2. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:138. “Journal of John S. Higbee,” vol. 3, 18–19 September 1851.

3. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:139.

4. “Appleton Milo Harmon’s Early History and Journal for His Travels through the United States, England and Scotland in 1850, 1851, and 1852,” 198–99, photocopy, UPB. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:139.

5. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:139. Harmon appears to write “Br. Gilldice” in his diary; cf. “Appleton Milo Harmon’s Early History and Journal,” 199. But he probably meant “Br. Gillice.” This undoubtedly refers to Robert Gillies, the president of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne branch, who was born in Scotland, September 12, 1819, joined the Church in 1842, and presided over the North Shields branch in 1848 and the Easington Lane branch in 1853. Immigrating to Utah in 1856, he eventually settled in Beaver and died in Farmington, October 6, 1866. John S. Higbee notes in his journal that Robert Gillies and “a Mr. Mill” had a debate on October 21, and Gillies and “a mr thurlway” debated on November 1. Millennial Star 10:55–56, 278. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:179. Ancestral File, UPB. Temple Index Bureau, microfilm, UPB. Half-Yearly Report of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Conference . . . May 14th and 15th, 1853 (London, 1853), 15. “European Emigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. “Utah Immigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. J. R. Kearl, Clayne L. Pope, and Larry T. Wimmer, Index to the 1850, 1860 & 1870 Censuses of Utah (Baltimore, Md., 1981), 132. J. Cecil Alter, Utah: The Storied Domain (Chicago and New York, 1932), 3:282. “Journal of John S. Higbee,” vol. 3, 21 October, 1 November 1851.

6. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:139. “Journal of John S. Higbee,” vol. 3, 21 September 1851.

7. International Genealogical Index (Ordinance Index), UPB. “European Emigration Card Index.” Millennial Star 13:334; 14:15, 171, 318–19, 634, 666; 15:78–79, 105. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:175, 229, 238.

8. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 52, UPB. “Early Church Information File,” microfilm, UPB. “Journal of John S. Higbee.” Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:707. Maybelle Harmon Anderson, ed., The Journals of Appleton Milo Harmon (Glendale, Calif., 1946), 34–35. Millennial Star 12:139–40, 267, 345; 13:333–34; 14:41, 69–71, 460. Deseret News 26:656.

610 1. Deseret News 1:276, 300, 308. Utah: Message from the President of the United States, Transmitting Information in Reference to the Condition of Affairs in the Territory of Utah, 32d Cong., 1st sess., 9 January 1852, H. Ex. Doc. 25, 3, 9–10, 14.

Jedediah M. Grant describes Broughton D. Harris as “a smart youngster,” but, as Furniss has observed, he was also overbearing and “guilty of unnecessary quibbling.” Born in New Hampshire, August 16, 1822, Harris graduated from Dartmouth in 1845 and then took up law and edited a newspaper in Brattleboro, Vermont, before being appointed Utah territorial secretary. Shortly before leaving for Utah he married Sarah Hollister, who made the overland journeys with him. Returning to Brattleboro, he served a term in the Vermont state senate, 1860–61, and was a member of the Peace Congress that convened at Washington in 1861. For the rest of his life he devoted himself to business interests. He died in Brattleboro, January 19, 1899. Jedediah M. Grant, Three Letters to the New York Herald (New York, 1852), 3. Norman F. Furniss, The Mormon Conflict, 1850–1859 (New Haven, Conn., 1966), 27. National Cyclopædia of American Biography (New York, 1897), 4:534. Obituary Scrapbook, Brattleboro Historical Society, Brattleboro, Vt. Sarah Hollister Harris, An Unwritten Chapter of Salt Lake, 1851–1901 (New York, 1901). 1860 Vermont census, Windham Co., Brattleboro, 224.

Lemuel G. Brandebury was born in Pennsylvania and was about forty years old when he was appointed chief justice of the supreme court for Utah Territory. At the times of the 1860 and 1870 censuses, he was living in Washington, D.C., practicing law. Grant portrays him as a colorless incompetent, primarily guilty of not bathing enough. Charles Lanman, Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States, During Its First Century (Washington, 1876), 46. 1860 District of Columbia census, Washington 1st Ward, 236. 1870 District of Columbia census, Washington 1st Ward, 72. Grant, Three Letters to the New York Herald, 7.

Perry E. Brocchus was born about 1816 and appears to have lived in Washington, D.C., for a number of years prior to his appointment to Utah. His birthplace is uncertain, given as New York in the 1850 census, as Virginia in Lanman and the 1880 census, and as Baltimore, Maryland, in Twitchell and History of New Mexico. He later served as an associate justice of the supreme court of the Territory of New Mexico, 1854–59 and 1867–69. The 1880 census shows him living in Maryland with his daughter’s family, his occupation “retired lawyer.” “Judge Brocchus was uncannily adept as using his fists,” Poldervaart writes. “Yet, the elements of generosity and good heartedness were peculiarly predominant in his nature. These generous qualities commingled with his unyielding sense of right and justice sometimes led to almost ludicrous results.” Grant describes him as a cheap politician who came to Utah only to further his own political ambitions. 1850 District of Columbia census, Washington, 227. 1880 Maryland census, Howard Co., 339C. New Mexico Blue Book, 1882 (Albuquerque, N.M., 1968), 119. History of New Mexico: Its Resources and People Illustrated (Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York, 1907), 1:301–2. Arie W. Poldervaart, Black-Robed Justice (Albuquerque, N. M., 1948), 62, 73, 76–83. Ralph Emerson Twitchell, The Leading Facts of New Mexican History (Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1912), 2:396. Grant, Three Letters to the New York Herald, 8–9, 34–35. Lanman, Biographical Annals, 49. Franklin Pierce, nomination letter for Perry E. Brocchus, 1 February 1854, Senate Executive Proceedings, Nominating Messages, Center for Legislative Archives, DLC.

Zerubbabel Snow, Erastus Snow’s older brother, was born in Vermont, March 29, 1809, converted to Mormonism in 1832, marched with Zion’s Camp two years later, and settled with the Saints in Kirtland. From 1839 to 1850 he practiced law in Ohio. After his term as associate justice expired in September 1854, he labored for two and a half years as a missionary in Australia, and then served as a probate judge in Cedar and Utah counties, as Salt Lake County prosecuting attorney, and as attorney general of Utah Territory. He died in Salt Lake City, September 27, 1888. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 27 September 1888, 3. “Judge Z. Snow” in Edward W. Tullidge, The History of Salt Lake City and Its Founders (Salt Lake City, 1886), biographies, 160–66. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:691.

2. “Journal History,” 7–8 September, 28 September 1851. “Diary of Willard Richards,” 19:249, microfilm, USlC. Deseret News 1:305–6. Utah: Message from the President, 3–6, 8–11, 29. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:403. Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 4:55–62. Grant, Three Letters to the New York Herald, 3–16. Furniss, The Mormon Conflict, 21–29. B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City, 1930), 3:520–26.

3. Utah: Message from the President, 17, 29. “Willard Snow Journal 1852,” 5, microfilm, USlC. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 18–19. Several copies of the note of September 17, 1851, announcing the convening of the legislature, none of them addressed, are in the Brigham Young papers in the LDS Church Archives.

4. Utah: Message from the President, 17, 26, 28–29. Grant, Three Letters to the New York Herald, 15–16.

5. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:405. Utah: Message from the President, 24–27, 29.

6. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 4, 7, 18–19, 47–48, 60. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:402, 404, 406, 412. Hosea Stout lists Grant, Benson, and Snow among the legislators “elected” on August 4.

7. “Account of Job Printing done in the News Office” [7 October 1850–24 September 1851], USlC. The December 1850 governor’s message, printed in 100 copies, cost $12.

611­–12 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 3–7, 45–47, 99–100, 103. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:404. “Diary of Willard Richards,” 19:244.

2. Drafts of the message are in the Brigham Young papers, USlC, including what appears to be an early version in the handwriting of Daniel H. Wells.

613 1. Deseret News 1:172, 236–37. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:384, 396–97. Dale Morgan, “The State of Deseret,” Utah Historical Quarterly 8 (1940): 111–113.

2. “Account of Job Printing done in the News Office.” Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 13, 51–53. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:405.

3. Brigham Young, Governor’s Message, to the Legislative Assembly of Utah Territory, January 5, 1852 (Salt Lake City, 1852), 1–2.

615 1. Millennial Star 10:53.

2. Eli B. Kelsey, Circular to the Presidents of Branches, Priesthood, and Saints Generally of the London Conference (London, 1851). Half-Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . May 31st, and June 1st, 1851 (London, 1851?), 6, 16. Half-Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . December 6th & 7th, 1851 (London, 1851?), 6, 10.

3. Millennial Star 12:345; 13:207; 14:15, 171.

616–17 1. “Erastus Snows Journal Continued from Sketch Book No. 5,” 27–32, photocopy, UPB. Andrew Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission (Salt Lake City, 1927), 30–31. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 20 October 1851, typescript, USlC.

2. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen (Salt Lake, 1988), 83–84. “Manuscript History of the Scandinavian Mission,” 16 November 1851, microfilm, USlC. Skandinaviens Stjerne 1:40, 53, 131; 2:26, 170.

3. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 7. “Early Church Information File.” History of the Church 2:185, 203; 4:12; 7:629. “Journal History,” 6 September, 3 October 1847. Millennial Star 14:395–98; 15:598–99. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 84–87, 96. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:374. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 54–55, 82. “Willard Snow Journal 1852,” microfilm, USlC.

4. “Early Church Information File.” Kate B. Carter, Heart Throbs of the West (Salt Lake City, 1947), 8:417. Millennial Star 15:27; 18:218–21. Deseret Evening News, 19 February 1883, 3. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:198–99. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 82, 109–111, 147, 168.

5. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 31. “Early Church Information File.” Carter, Heart Throbs of the West, 8:421. Deseret Evening News, 28 June 1879, 3. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:387. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 107, 109–11, 127.

6. “Scandinavian LDS Mission Index,” microfiche, UPB. Deseret Evening News, 12 March 1869, 3. Skandinaviens Stjerne 18:233. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:814. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 70, 127, 147–50, 182, 203. International Genealogical Index, UPB.

7. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 98, 104, 106. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 97, 115, 127, 131, 147, 174–75.

Frans Julius Hahn, born in Copenhagen, February 10, 1834, was baptized into the Church in September 1851, ordained a priest and “appointed to labor at the mission office, under the direction of Bro. Peter O. Hansen” in August 1852, and ordained an elder one year later. Hanson notes in his autobiography that Hahn was a great help in publishing and reprinting pamphlets (see item 767). He issued the tract Et Par Ord om Mormonerne (items 764–65), translated Parley Pratt’s Proclamation to the People of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacific into Danish and published it in five installments in the second volume of Skandinaviens Stjerne, and translated the first two numbers of Orson Pratt’s Divine Authenticity of the Book of Mormon. By the fall of 1853 he had become alienated from the Church and was subsequently cut off. C. C. A. Christensen reported in 1888 that Hahn called on him at the Scandinavian Mission office because he had learned that Christensen intended to pay him a visit, which Hahn hoped to prevent as “he had married again and could not afford that his wife should find out that he had once been a ‘Mormon.’” “Scandinavian LDS Mission Index.” An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 89, 95, 98, 101. “Manuscript History of the Scandinavian Mission,” 15 August 1852; 21 August 1853; 4 June 1888.

Alexander Weihe was born in the Faeroe Islands, December 7, 1825, and baptized into the Church on December 16, 1851. Peter O. Hansen mentions him in his autobiography, calling him a “humble” man who was hampered “by studying too many languages” but was a help in the mission office. In February 1852 he was chosen a member of a committee to draft a petition to the Danish government asking for the protection of the Saints in their worship, and during 1852–53 he translated at least three Mormon pieces into Danish (see items 662, 763). He was ordained a teacher in 1854, but beyond this, nothing is known about him. “Scandinavian LDS Mission Index.” An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 89, 104. “Manuscript History of the Scandinavian Mission,” 21 February 1852.

Peter Oluf Thomassen was born in Norway, August 29, 1836, joined the Church at age seventeen, and served as counselor to Carl Widerborg and assistant to John Van Cott before immigrating to Utah in 1863. He returned to Scandinavia as a missionary, 1870–72, again serving as the translator for the Stjerne. At the time of his death in Salt Lake City, October 28, 1891, he was the editor of the Danish newspaper Bikuben. “Scandinavian LDS Mission Index.” “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 29 October 1891, 8. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 127, 147, 175, 205–6, 212.

8. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 34–35. “Journal History,” 3 February 1884, 7. Millennial Star 46:123–24. Andrew Jenson, Encyclopedic History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City, 1941), 797.

9. Erastus Snow, “A Summary of the Danish Mission,” photocopy, UPB. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 34. “Manuscript History of the Scandinavian Mission,” 1 October 1851.

10. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 86.

618–19 1. Millennial Star 10:183–84; 11:73–76. Whether this was Thomas Smith of Leamington or Thomas Smith of Norwich is not known (see items 138, 338, 351, 390, 400, 431, 447, 456, and items 332, 397, 451).

2. Half-yearly Report of the London Conference . . . 5th Day of January, 1851 (London, 1851?), 13. Millennial Star 13:33–37, 42, 112, 141–­42, 208, 304. Eli B. Kelsey, Circular to the Presidents of Branches, Priesthood, and Saints Generally of the London Conference (London, 1851), 2. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 5 October 1851.

3. A copy with the wrapper is at CtY.

4. Ancestral File, UPB. “Registration of the Hunterfield Branch of the Edinburgh Conference,” 75, microfilm 104151, UPB. “European Emigration Card Index.” “Record of the Members of the . . . Meadowville Ward Bear Lake Stake,” 3, microfilm 7174, UPB. Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 1041. Mildred Hatch Thomson, comp., Rich Memories (Springville, Utah, 1962), 116. LeRoy R. Hafen and Ann W. Hafen, Handcarts to Zion (Glendale, Calif., 1960), 193, 310.

621 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 7, 47–48.

2. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:409. “Diary of Willard Richards,” 19:297, microfilm, USlC. Deseret News, 29 November 1851, 3. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 18–19, 60.

3. Willard Richards to Brigham Young, 23 September 1851, USlC. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 4, 18–19. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 89. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:545–46.

4. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 4.

622–23 1. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:140–42, typescript, UPB. Johnstone is about three miles southwest of Paisley, which is about five miles west of Glasgow.

2. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:142, 144–45.

3. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:142. Greenock is about eighteen miles northwest of Glasgow.

4. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:144, 148, 151.

5. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 313. “Early Church Information File.” History of the Church 6:338. “European Emigration Card Index.” Millennial Star 12:298; 13:334; 14:319, 666; 15:511, 761, 781; 16:171. “Journal History,” 30 September 1854; 27 June 1856; 8 October 1861; 9 January, 31 December 1862; 8 May 1864 (p. 3); 3 May 1868 (p. 4); 7 November 1869. Deseret News 29:545.

624 1. Laws and Ordinances of the State of Deseret (Utah) (Salt Lake City, 1919), 32. Acts, Resolutions, and Memorials, Passed by the First Annual, and Special Sessions, of the Legislative Assembly, of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1852), 205.

2. Deseret News 1:200, 208, 215, 269.

625 1. “Journal History,” 3 March, 8 April (pp. 1–2), 28 April (p. 3), 26 May 1849 (pp. 1–3). Robert G. Cleland and Juanita Brooks, eds., A Mormon Chronicle: The Diaries of John D. Lee (San Marino, Calif., 1955), 1:97–98, 107. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:351.

2. Constitution of the State of Deseret (Salt Lake City, 1850), 15–17. Laws and Ordinances of the State of Deseret (Utah), 32–34. Acts, Resolutions, and Memorials, Passed by the First Annual, and Special Sessions, 205.

3. “Journal History,” 26 May 1849, 2. Deseret News 1:214.

4. Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1904), 4:180–83. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:743. Daniel Tyler, A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War (n.p., 1881), 118. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1853), 73; (Salt Lake City, 1854), 74. Deseret News 13:48. Temple Index Bureau. Will Bagley, “A Bright, Rising Star”: A Brief Life and a Letter of James Ferguson, Sergeant Major, Mormon Battalion; Adjutant General, Nauvoo Legion (Spokane, Wash., 2000).

626 1. For a history of the Salt Lake print shop see the introduction to this volume.

627 1. “Erastus Snows Journal Continued from Sketch Book No. 5,” 27–32. Millennial Star 13:361. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 30–31. Snow, “A Summary of the Danish Mission.” “Manuscript History of the Scandinavian Mission,” 31 March 1851. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 20 October 1851.

2. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:344. “Manuscript History of the Scandinavian Mission,” 16 November 1851. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 84, 90. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 77–78. Scandinavian LDS Mission Index [Johan Peter Lorentsen]. Occasionally Lorentzen’s name appears as Lorenzen in the printed sources.

629 1. For a description of a Bradford tract cover see items 367–70, note 2.

630–31 1. “An Abriged Record of the Life of John Murdock, Taken From His Journal by Himself,” 59–61, typescript, UPB. John Murdock and C. W. Wandell to Parley P. Pratt, Sydney, New South Wales, 15 November 1851, photocopy, UPB. C. W. Wandell to Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Willard Richards, 11 February 1852, Deseret News, 27 November 1852, 4. John Jones, “A Sketch of the History of the Work of the Lord in the Australasian Colonies,” Zion’s Watchman, 1:260. Marjorie Newton, Southern Cross Saints: The Mormons in Australia (Laie, Hawaii, 1991), 26–28.

Murdock and Wandell were not the first Mormons in Australia. In July 1840 George A. Smith commissioned William Barratt, a seventeen-year-old English convert about to sail for Australia, to deliver the Mormon message there as the opportunity might arise. The following year Andrew Anderson, a convert from Scotland, went with his family to Sydney and by 1845 had raised up a branch of nine members. History of the Church 4:154, 161. Times and Seasons 6:989. Newton, Southern Cross Saints, 23–25.

2. “An Abriged Record of the Life of John Murdock.” “Early Church Information File.” History of the Church 2:124, 184, 367, 523; 3:225; 5:119; 7:298, 629. Donald Q. Cannon and Lyndon W. Cook, eds., Far West Record (Salt Lake City, 1983), 70, 123. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 2:362–64. Reva Holdaway Stanley and Charles L. Camp, eds., “A Mormon Mission to California in 1851: From the Diary of Parley Parker Pratt,” California Historical Society Quarterly 14 (1935): 60–61, 72, 176. Murdock and Wandell to Pratt, 15 November 1851. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt (New York, 1874), 414, 428–29, 433.

3. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 94. “Journal History,” 27 July 1841; 18 May, 19 October 1842; 16 May, 30 July 1843; 15 April 1844; 6 March 1846; 11 March 1847; 1 September 1853; 16 March, 6 October 1856; 6 April 1857; 20 August 1858; 12 December 1859; 12 March, 29 March, 6 August 1860; 17 February, 8 March 1862; 30 September, 29 October 1863. Inez Smith, “Biography of Charles Wesley Wandell,” Journal of History 3 (1910): 455–71. Stanley and Camp, “A Mormon Mission to California,” 72, 176. Jones, “A Sketch of the History,” 261–62. Marjorie Newton, Hero or Traitor: A Biographical Study of Charles Wesley Wandell (Independence, Mo., 1992).

4. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt, 433. “An Abriged Record of the Life of John Murdock,” 60–61. Murdock and Wandell to Pratt, 15 November 1851. Wandell to Young, Kimball, and Richards, 11 February 1852. John Murdock to the Presidency, 5 February 1852, Deseret News, 24 July 1852, 2.

5. Murdock and Wandell to Pratt, 15 November 1851.

6. Murdock and Wandell to Pratt, 15 November 1851. Wandell to Young, Kimball, and Richards, 11 February 1852. Murdock to the Presidency, 5 February 1852. Jones, “A Sketch of the History,” 261.

7. “An Abriged Record of the Life of John Murdock,” 101, 204–5. Deseret News 20:580.

632 1. “Journal of George P. Dykes, 1849–1851,” 85, typescript, USlC.

2. Journal of Discourses 1:24. Cleo H. Evans, comp., Curtis Edwin Bolton: Pioneer Missionary (Fairfax, Va., 1968), 48. Millennial Star 13:122–23.

Taylor’s decision to extend his mission was prompted by a line in the Fourth General Epistle: “The Apostles are expected to continue in their several appointments, according to previous instruction; extending their labors into other countries, as opportunity presents, and as they shall be directed by the Holy Spirit.” Millennial Star 13:53.

3. “Journal of George P. Dykes,” 66–69, 83–87. “Journal of Jacob Gates,” vol. 5, 7 June 1852, USlC. Millennial Star 14:104–5, 296, 398. “Manuscript History of the German Mission,” 25 May 1852, USlC.

The typescript of “Journal of George P. Dykes” gives Viett’s name as “Voitt,” but in the original manuscript what the transcriber read as the letter “o” was written over, and Dykes probably meant to write “Viett.” Curtis Bolton, in his diary, gives Viett’s name as “Viette.” Franklin D. Richards spells it “Viett” in his journal, and John Taylor uses “Viett” in his correspondence with him. It appears that George Viett and his wife were baptized into the Church by William Howells in Boulogne in March 1850, and on April 6, when Howells organized a branch of the Church in Boulogne, he ordained Viett a priest “to preach the gospel in the French language . . . although he knew not when he should lose his situation as a teacher of languages in the public school.” Viett participated with Taylor, Bolton, and Howells at their first lecture in Boulogne on July 1, 1850 (see item 500), and subsequently approached Taylor about translating the Book of Mormon. In July 1851 Taylor arranged with him to do some translating on a trial basis, and that September, when he and Franklin D. Richards visited Boulogne and learned that Viett had finished forty pages, he engaged him to help translate the entire book. What subsequently happened to Viett after he finished the Book of Mormon is not known. Millennial Star 12:157–59. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 38, 40–42. Journal of Discourses 1:24. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 22 September 1851, typescript, USlC. John Taylor to George Viett, 15 July 1851; Taylor to Viett, 12 October 1851; Taylor to Viett, 16 October 1851; USlC.

4. European Mission Financial Records, 9:225­–26, 396, USlC. “Manuscript History of the German Mission,” November 1851.

5. “Journal of George P. Dykes,” 87. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 29 November 1851. Millennial Star 13:375.

6. Journal of Discourses 1:25.

633 1. Stella Jaques Bell, Life History and Writings of John Jaques (Rexburg, Idaho, 1978), 15–17, 21, 41–42. Report of the Warwickshire Conference (Leamington, 1850), 2.

634 1. Millennial Star 9:152–53, 188; 10:7–8, 22–23, 294–95; 11:350; 12:345; 14:634; 15:58.

2. Hanham, born in Somersetshire, September 6, 1827, apparently paid some of this back; by 1861 he had immigrated to Salt Lake City. “Diary of George Halliday,” 123, typescript, UPB. Report of the Meetings of the South Conference, 3–4, 12. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File),” microfilm, UPB. Millennial Star 14:80, 96, 112, 256, 336. International Genealogical Index, UPB.

3. Millennial Star 10:279; 12:15, 207; 13:15, 207; 14:15, 319; 15:79, 511; 16:79, 479.

635 1. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Temple Index Bureau. “Early Church Information File.” “Journal History,” 15 October (p. 2), 9 November 1856 (p. 30); 19 October 1862 (p. 6); 20 January 1865 (p. 12). Ancestral File.

636–37 1. Parley P. Pratt to “My Dear Lambs,” 21 November 1846; Pratt to “Dear Lambs,” [22 November 1846]; Pratt to “My Dear Lambs,” 29 November 1846; photocopies, UPB. Extract from a journal of Lucius N. Scovil in “Manuscript History of the British Mission,” 20–22 November 1846, USlC.

2. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt (New York, 1874), 386.

3. At this point Parley had seven wives: Mary Ann Frost, Elizabeth Brotherton, Mary Wood, Hannahette Snively, Belinda Marden, Sarah Huston, and Phoebe Sopher. Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt (Salt Lake City, 1973), 462–63.

638 1. Millennial Star 13:88, 250, 252–53, 333, 362–65; 14:59, 76. Lorenzo Snow to Hugh Findlay, Malta, 11 March 1852, in Missionary Journals of Hugh Findlay: India–Scotland, comp. Ross and Linnie Findlay (Ephraim, Utah, 1973), 5–6. Edward L. Hart, Mormon in Motion: The Life and Journals of James H. Hart, 1825–1906, in England, France, and America (Salt Lake City, 1978), 26.

2. Millennial Star 14:236–37.

3. Millennial Star 14:141–42.

4. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” “Record of Members, Twelfth Ward, Early to 1899,” 25, microfilm 26723, UPB. Deseret News 35:93, 112. Frank Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1913), 1148. Hart, Mormon in Motion, 13, 162, 172, 300. Ancestral File.

639 1. European Mission Financial Records, 8:398, 448, 460; 9:4, 23, 648.

2. European Mission Financial Records, 7:548, 570.

3. Millennial Star 14:16, 74. C. H. Wheelock and A. F. McDonald, Invitation (Liverpool, 1852), 4. John Taylor, Government of God (Liverpool, 1852), back wrapper. A. F. McDonald, What Do the Latter-day Saints Believe? (Liverpool, 1853), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854). Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool (Liverpool, 1856), 2.

4. European Mission Financial Records, 8:94, 398, 448, 460; 9:23.

Apparently there were some mistakes in the royalties paid to Lorenzo Snow, for these were adjusted in June 1854. European Mission Financial Records, 9:23.

640 1. Millennial Star 8:19–21; 12:325, 345; 13:58. “Journal History,” 31 December 1851, 6A.

2. Deseret News, 13 December 1851, 3.

3. Deseret News, 10 January 1852, 3. “Journal History,” 17 December, 27 December 1851; 24 January 1852. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:411.

4. Isaac Pitman (1813–97) published numerous books on his shorthand method, including Exercises in Phonography: Designed to Conduct the Pupil to a Practical Acquaintance with the Art (London, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851), and the earlier editions The Phonographic Class Book (Bath 1843?, 1844, 1845). Copies of the 1847 printing are at the University of California, San Diego, the University of Missouri, Columbia, and the New York Public Library—which also has a number of the other printings.

641 1. Half-Yearly Reports of the Southampton Conferences, 4. Millennial Star 12:239.

2. The sources listed in note 3 are equally divided between these two years and variously give Dunbar’s birthday as October 24, 26, or 27.

3. “Early Church Information File,” microfilm, UPB. Temple Index Bureau, microfilm, UPB. Half-Yearly Reports of the Southampton Conferences, 16, 18. Millennial Star 9:345; 11:155–56, 294–96; 12:27, 239, 345; 14:10, 282–83; 16:458, 763; 17:776; 18:458, 476. Deseret Evening News, 9 June 1905, 1–2. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:335. J. Cecil Alter, Early Utah Journalism (Salt Lake City, 1938), 217, 307–12. Ancestral File, UPB.

4. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File),” microfilm, UPB. Half-Yearly Reports of the Southampton Conferences, 9.

5. “European Emigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. “Utah Immigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 4 September 1899, 2; 15 February 1909, 2. Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1874). Margaret Steed Hess, My Farmington (Farmington, Utah, c1976), 199–201. Annie Call Carr, East of Antelope Island (Salt Lake City, 1971), 233, 359, 411–12. Cleo H. Evans, comp., Curtis Edwin Bolton: Pioneer Missionary (Fairfax, Va., 1968), 39, 43. Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 1182. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), 386–91. Ancestral File.

643 1. Temple Index Bureau. “Early Church Information File.” Millennial Star 13:334; 14:15, 319; 15:761, 781; 16:140. Deseret Evening News, 23 October 1895, 5. Madoline C. Dixon, Peteetneet Town: A History of Payson, Utah (Provo, Utah, 1974), 6, 13, 15, 136, 138.

2. Deseret Evening News, 16 November 1893, 1. Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1904), 4:203–5. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:464.

650 1. Millennial Star 13:267, 334; 14:58, 171. Report of the Glasgow Conference . . . 1st January, 1852, 5.

2. “List of Names in the Barrhead Branch,” 43–44, microfilm 104149, UPB. “Utah Immigration Card Index.” Millennial Star 15:842; 16:32, 576. “Journal History,” 31 March 1855 (p. 4); 15 December 1857 (p. 7); 4 January 1858 (p. 8); 12 December 1859 (p. 1); 14 April (p. 1), 10 December 1862 (p. 1); 30 September (p. 6), 14 December 1863 (p. 3); 12 December 1864 (p. 1); 19 December 1865 (p. 2); 10 December 1866 (p. 1); 13 January 1868 (p. 1); 11 January 1869 (p. 3); 10 January 1870 (p. 5). Deseret Evening News, 25 June 1874, 3.

651 1. Deseret News, 10 January 1852, 3. “Journal History,” 6 January 1852. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:412.

2. I am grateful to Richard L. Saunders for bringing this piece to my attention.

652 1. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Record,” 147, UPB. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Family Group Record of Thomas Price Smith, microfilm 547684, UPB. “Early Church Information File.” “Utah Immigration Card Index.” Millennial Star 12:131–33, 139–40; 13:334; 14:318–19; 15:781; 16:140. Deseret Evening News, 3 January 1913, 1; 4 January 1913, 1. “Diary of Job Smith a Pioneer of Nauvoo, Illinois and Utah,” mimeographed, UPB. Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 1166.

2. “Diary of Job Smith,” 28–29, 53. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” “Early Church Information File.” Temple Index Bureau. Ancestral File. Salt Lake City Cemetery Records.

653 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 104, 113. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:412.

2. Drafts of the message are in the Brigham Young papers, USlC, including what appears to be an early version in the handwriting of Daniel H. Wells.

654 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 29, 74, 87, 169–73. Deseret News, 21 February 1852, 4.

655 1. John Murdock to the Presidency, 5 February 1852, Deseret News, 24 July 1852, 2. C. W. Wandell to Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Willard Richards, 11 February 1852, Deseret News, 27 November 1852, 4. “An Abriged Record of the Life of John Murdock, Taken From His Journal by Himself,” 103, typescript, UPB.

2. Helen Hanks Macaré, “A Comprehensive List of Hymns Appearing in Official Hymnals of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1835–1950,” accompanying “The Singing Saints: A Study of the Mormon Hymnal, 1835­–1950” (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1961).

Hymn no. 18 is “Believing Children Gather Round”; nos. 25, 36, and 46 are, respectively, “Hark!—The Voice of Love and Mercy,” “Yes! In Truth, the Day Is Breaking,” and “Watchman Tell Us of the Night.”

3. Wandell to Young, Kimball, and Richards, 11 February 1852. Murdock to the Presidency, 5 February 1852. “An Abriged Record of the Life of John Murdock,” 62–69. John Jones, “A Sketch of the History of the Work of the Lord in the Australasian Colonies,” Zion’s Watchman, 1:261.

656 1. Cleo H. Evans, comp., Curtis Edwin Bolton: Pioneer Missionary (Fairfax, Va., 1968), 38–43. Millennial Star 12:268–70.

2. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 44–55, 78.

3. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 52, 59.

On July 20, 1851, Bolton wrote in his diary: “95 [out] of 100 of the words are my own, yes, I may say 99. Mr. Auge a learned Frenchman, no way connected with Church, ignorant of its doctrines, not understanding one English word except through the Latin and French, he merely corrects the grammar. He scarce over has changed a nown, and when he does want to he calls on me to do it, and I have to rack my brain to find another phrase or word which he will accept as French and which retain perfectly and in the full sense of the English.” Bolton remarked in a letter to John Taylor that for the English text he used the 1849 Book of Mormon. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 60. Curtis E. Bolton to John Taylor, 10 January 1852, USlC.

4. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 64–65, 68, 71–72, 79.

5. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 64, 79–81. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 23 September 1851, typescript, USlC. Millennial Star 13:332. European Mission Financial Records, 7:593.

6. John Taylor, Government of God (Liverpool, 1852), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854). Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool (Liverpool, 1856), 3. European Mission Financial Records, 7:659.

7. Philip De La Mare, of French descent, was born on April 3, 1823, on the Isle of Jersey, where he converted to Mormonism in 1849. A man of means, he contributed funds for the publication of the Book of Mormon in French and in German and invested heavily in the Utah pioneer sugar industry, suffering a huge financial loss when the enterprise failed. In 1852 he brought the machinery for manufacturing sugar to the Valley and settled the following year in Tooele, where he served on the high council and city council. He returned to Europe as a missionary and presided over the Church in the Channel Islands, 1860–63, and was later ordained a patriarch. He died in Tooele on October 16, 1915. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 16 October 1915, 2. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 2:285­–86. Biographical Record of Salt Lake City and Vicinity (Chicago, 1902), 572–74. B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City, 1930), 3:411–13. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), 116–20.

8. On February 21, 1852, the British Mission financial records credited John Taylor for the 300 copies of Livre de Mormon that the mission had received from Curtis E. Bolton, and between February 25 and May 1, 1852, the mission office distributed 136 copies to the various conferences. On the latter date the records list 162 copies, all in wrappers, still in the office’s inventory. Two years later, on June 30, 1854, the office had 95 copies in wrappers.

F. D. Richards wrote to A. L. Lamoreaux, president of the French Mission, on November 22, 1854, and directed him to send to Liverpool the stereotype plates and all copies of Livre de Mormon he had, except for 50 copies, and on January 5, 1855, he reported to Lamoreaux that the plates and two boxes of books had arrived. The mission records indicate that the plates and books had arrived from Le Havre on the ship “Margaret” by January 12, and they credit the French Mission for 450 copies of Livre de Mormon. On February 24, 1855, the Liverpool office charged John Taylor for 6 copies of the book; on March 1 it credited the French Mission for 80 more copies, credited the French Mission for an additional 17, and charged the French Mission—now led by W. C. Dunbar—for 17 books. The following year, on June 30, 1856, the financial records show 618 copies of Livre de Mormon, in wrappers, in the Liverpool office, plus 4 copies in sheep. One might note that 95 + 450 – 6 + 80 +17 – 17 = 619.

The financial records further show that the Liverpool office had 567 copies of Livre de Mormon in wrappers and 11 copies in sheep on October 12, 1857; it had 567 copies in wrappers and 2 in sheep on May 1, 1860, and 567 copies in wrappers and 1 in sheep on January 1, 1861. In April and May 1862 George Q. Cannon sent seventeen cases of books including 390 copies of Livre de Mormon in wrappers to Salt Lake City. European Mission Letterpress Copybooks, vol. 1, F. D. Richards to A. L. Lamoreaux, 22 November 1854, Richards to Lamoreaux, 5 January 1855, USlC. European Mission Financial Records, 7:593–659; 9:50, 368–69, 378, 395, 397–98; 10:316; 11:180; 12:353, 633; 13:2, 547–49.

It seems clear from the foregoing that the second impression of Livre de Mormon was struck off before Richards wrote to Lamoreaux in November 1854. The size of the impression was probably around 500 copies, perhaps a few more.

9. Curtis E. Bolton moved from 7, rue de Tournon to 37, rue de Paradis-Poissonnière about the end of May 1851, when John Taylor left Paris, and then moved back to 7, rue de Tournon ten months later. The rue de Paradis-Poissonnière address, for example, appears on the first ten numbers of Étoile du Déséret, the rue de Tournon address on the last two. The rue de Tournon address was used by the French Mission for a number of years thereafter. See item 576, note 3.

657 1. Deseret News, 15 November (p. 3), 29 November (p. 4), 13 December (p. 4), 27 December 1851 (p. 4); 24 January (p. 3), 7 February 1852 (p. 3). Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:421.

658 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 4, 7, 18–19, 47–48, 60.

2. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 10–12, 21–23, 86.

659 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 7, 21–23, 26, 30, 48–49, 68. Acts, Resolutions, and Memorials, Passed by the First Annual, and Special Sessions, of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1852), 213.

661 1. Deseret News Extra, 31 January 1852.

2. New-York Daily Tribune, 6 November 1851, 5. See also New York Herald, 20 November 1851, 6

3. New-York Daily Tribune, 5 November 1851, 7.

662 1. “Scandinavian LDS Mission Index,” microfiche, UPB. For a sketch of Alexander Weihe, see items 616–17, note 7.

2. Erastus Snow, “A Summary of the Danish Mission,” photocopy, UPB.

3. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen (Salt Lake City, 1988), 89.

663 1. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:148–50, 156, 163–64, typescript, UPB.

2. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:164–74.

664 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 3, 18, 43, 104, 113, 125, 127–29, 133. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:404­–6, 412, 422­–25.

2. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions, 133–34, 158. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:424­–25, 431.

665 1. Thomas Wrigley to Orson Hyde, Frontier Guardian, 22 August 1851, 1.

2. “From the Biography of Thomas Wrigley” in Kate B. Carter, Our Pioneer Heritage (Salt Lake City 1962), 5:494–98. “Journal History,” 1 December 1853, 3; 9 May 1855, 2. Deseret Evening News, 7 July 1873, 2. Jedediah M. Grant to Susan Grant, 11 December 1851, as quoted in Gene A. Sessions, Mormon Thunder: A Documentary History of Jedediah Morgan Grant (Urbana, Ill., 1982), 90. Ancestral File.

3. “Early Church Information File.” Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 712. Salt Lake City Cemetery Record.

4. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 314. “Early Church Information File.” Iowa census, Monroe County: 1860, p. 383; 1870, p. 420. Ancestral File.

666 1. Deseret News, 6 March 1852, 2–3.

The Fourteenth Ward schoolhouse, located on what is now First South between West Temple and Second West, was dedicated by Willard Richards, Parley P. Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, W. W. Phelps, and others on January 1, 1851. Deseret News 1:188. Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 4:3.

2. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:654. See also, Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1904), 4:345.

3. Constitution and By-laws of the Typographical Association of Deseret: Organized January 13, 1855 (Salt Lake City, 1855). J. Kenneth Davies, Deseret’s Sons of Toil (Salt Lake City, 1977), 53–72, 101.

4. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 12 January 1904, 4, 10. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:653–57. Whitney, History of Utah, 4:344­–47. Davis Bitton, George Q. Cannon: A Biography (Salt Lake City, 1999), 70, 72­–73, 77, 88, 134, 147, 152, 174. Wendell J. Ashton, Voice in the West: Biography of a Pioneer Newspaper (Salt Lake City, 1950), 140, 148, 156–59, 178, 203, 275.

667 1. Millennial Star 14:105, 117–19. Erastus Snow, “A Summary of the Danish Mission,” photocopy, UPB. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen (Salt Lake City, 1988), 107. Skandinaviens Stjerne 3:332.

2. “Journal of E. Snow from Decr 27th 1847 Sketch Book No. 5th,” 112, 117, photocopy, UPB. “Erastus Snows Journal Continued from Sketch Book No. 5,” 20, 27–28, 32, photocopy, UPB. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 83. Millennial Star 13:361; 14:2. Andrew Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission (Salt Lake City, 1927), 50. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 20 October 1851, typescript, USlC.

668 1. Psalmer til Brug for Jesu Christi Kirke af Sidste-Deges Hellige (Copenhagen, 1867), xii, xix. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 15, 17, 28, 31–37, 45, 67, 112–113.

2. Millennial Star 14:117; 15:313–15. Snow, “A Summary of the Danish Mission.”

669 1. Millennial Star 14:117–19.

2. Snow, “A Summary of the Danish Mission.” Millennial Star 14:117.

3. Erastus Snow, One Year in Scandinavia (Liverpool, 1851), 8–11, 13. Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission, 4, 6, 11–15.

4. Millennial Star 14:2.

670 1. C. W. Wandell to Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Willard Richards, 11 February 1852, Deseret News, 27 November 1852, 4.

2. John Murdock to the Presidency, 5 February 1852, Deseret News, 24 July 1852, 2. “An Abriged Record of the Life of John Murdock, Taken From His Journal by Himself,” 103, typescript, UPB.

671 1. I am grateful to Richard L. Saunders for bringing this piece to my attention.

2. Deseret News, 20 March 1852, 3. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:430.

3. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 75. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 29 January 1887, 5. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 2:380–83.

4. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 5. “Early Church Information File.” History of the Church 2:501–2; 6:362, 493–94; 7:538, 629. Deseret Evening News, 26 November 1879, 3. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:194–95. Luceal Rockwood Curtis, Compiled and Assembled History of Albert Perry Rockwood (Salt Lake City, 1968).

5. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 48. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret News 13:88. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 2:283–4. Norma Baldwin Ricketts, The Mormon Battalion (Logan, Utah, 1996), 24, 67–70, 220, 235–39, 254, 259.

6. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 233. “Early Church Information File.” History of the Church 2:183, 203; 3:184; 5:119, 311; 7:298, 305. Deseret News 32:416. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:627–28. Bishop David Evans and His Family (Provo, Utah, 1972).

7. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 7. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 12 May 1877, 3. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia 4:504. Alan P. Johnson, Aaron Johnson: Faithful Steward (Salt Lake City, 1991).

672–74 1. Brigham Young, Governor’s Message, to the Legislative Assembly of Utah Territory, January 5, 1852 (Salt Lake City, 1852), 2.

2. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 7, 48, 63, 125, 133, 152. Acts, Resolutions, and Memorials, Passed by the First Annual, and Special Sessions, of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1852), 143–60. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:414, 418.

3. Deseret News, 20 March 1852, 3. Elias Smith, “Diaries,” 27 March 1852, photocopy, UPB.

675–76 1. Josiah Beatson Lowe received a B.A. from Trinity College, University of Dublin, in 1839, an M.A., B.D., and D.D. in 1860. Ordained a deacon in the Church of England in 1839 and a priest the following year, he was perpetual curate at St. Jude’s, Walton-on-the-Hill, Liverpool, 1850–75; vicar of St. Michael, Toxteth Park, Liverpool, 1875–80; and rector of Yoxall near Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, until his death on June 25, 1893, at age seventy-seven. He wrote a number of works besides his tracts on Mormonism. Crockford’s Clerical Directory (London, 1860), 389; (London, 1874), 549–50. A Catalogue of Graduates Who Have Proceeded to Degrees in the University of Dublin (Dublin, 1869), 355. The Clergy List for 1873 (London, 1873), 227. Frederic Boase, Modern English Biography (London, 1965), 2:513. General Index: Deaths Registered in England and Wales in the Months of July, August, and September 1893 (London, 1893), 215. Death certificate of Josiah Beatson Lowe, certified copy, UPB.

2. The preface of Polygamy Revived in the West is signed by Lowe as secretary of the “Committee of Instruction appointed by the Liverpool Church of England Scripture Readers’ Society” and notes that the report was taken from the New York Herald of January 10, 1852.

3. Millennial Star 14:91–94. Reply of Rev. Josiah B. Lowe to the Letter of Mr. William Collinson, Addressed to Him in the Mail of the 28th February, 1852 (Liverpool, 1852). “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:122–24, typescript, UPB. Collinson published a second letter to Lowe in the local newspaper.

4. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:123–24.

5. Polygamy Revived in the West, 7.

6. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:404, 407–8. Elias Smith, “Diaries,” 22–23 September, 17–18 October 1851. “Diary of Willard Richards,” 19:242, microfilm, USlC. Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1892), 1:480–82. Kenneth L. Cannon II, “‘Mountain Common Law’: the Extralegal Punishment of Seducers in Early Utah,” Utah Historical Quarterly 51 (1983): 310–17. Jerrold S. Jensen, “The Common Law of England in the Territory of Utah,” Utah Historical Quarterly 60 (1992): 11, 18–21.

James Madison Monroe was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania, January 9, 1822, joined the Mormon Church in 1841, conducted a school in Nauvoo, and was a member of the board of trustees of the Seventies’ Library and Institute Association. “Early Church Information File.” “Diary of James Monroe,” photocopy, UPB. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 1:12–13. Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine 2:136.

Howard Egan was born in Montreal, Canada, June 15, 1815, joined the Church in 1842, and served as a Nauvoo policeman. He made the first of several overland crossings to Utah in 1847 with the pioneer company, settled in Salt Lake City, and later moved to Deep Creek, Tooele County, where he labored as a missionary among the Indians. He died in Salt Lake City, March 16, 1878. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 14, UPB. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 16 March 1878, 3. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:699–700. William M. Egan, ed., Pioneering the West (Richmond, Utah, 1917), 9–11, 282–84. Ancestral File.

7. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:124.

The Rev. Dr. McNeile is certainly Hugh McNeile (1795–1879), incumbent of St. Paul’s, Prince’s-Park, Liverpool, who also had attended Trinity College, Dublin, and had been incumbent of St. Jude’s, 1834–48. Crockford’s Clerical Directory (London, 1860), 399. Dictionary of National Biography, s.v. “McNeile, Hugh.”

8. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:124.

9. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:126. “Willard Snow Journal 1852,” 47, microfilm, USlC.

677 1. Millennial Star 12:272; 13:380.

2. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:115, 120. Millennial Star 14:74; 16:720. John Taylor, Government of God (Liverpool, 1852), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854).

3. European Mission Financial Records, 7:594­–99, 610, 654, 659, USlC. “Parley P. Pratt Valparaiso SA (Ledger A),” photocopy, UPB.

678 1. Millennial Star 14:80, 128.

2. European Mission Financial Records, 7:612.

679–80 1. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:125.

2. Millennial Star 14:112. Taylor, Government of God, back wrapper. Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool (Liverpool, 1856), 1.

3. European Mission Financial Records, 7:616–658.

4. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C.

681–84 1. Millennial Star 14:59, 76–78, 107. Lorenzo Snow to Hugh Findlay, Malta, 11 March 1852, in Missionary Journals of Hugh Findlay: India-Scotland, comp. Ross and Linnie Findlay (Ephraim, Utah, 1973), 5–6.

2. Snow to Findlay, 11 March 1852.

3. Snow to Findlay, 11 March 1852. Millennial Star 14:107–8, 141–42. “Autobiography of Elder James Ferguson Bell Including a History of the Malta Mission” (Transcribed from Pitman Shorthand by LaJean Purcell Carruth, Geographical and Personal Names Edited by John E. Fell), 48, 51, typescript, USlC.

4. Snow to Findlay, 11 March 1852.

5. Millennial Star 14:236–37. “Autobiography of Elder James Ferguson Bell,” 51.

6. It is conceivable that Fanny Stenhouse translated La Voix de Joseph into English while Snow was visiting the Stenhouses in Geneva. Millennial Star 14:76–78.

7. European Mission Financial Records, 9:406; 10:70. Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 5:75–78.

685 1. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File),” microfilm, UPB. “Early Church Information File,” microfilm, UPB. Millennial Star 9:231; 10:147–48; 13:334; 14:319; 15:761, 842. Half-Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . May 31st, and June 1st, 1851 (London, 1851?), 4. “European Emigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. 1856 Utah census, Salt Lake City, 252. J. R. Kearl, Clayne L. Pope, and Larry T. Wimmer, Index to the 1850, 1860 & 1870 Censuses of Utah (Baltimore, Md., 1981), 316. Ancestral File, UPB. Payson Cemetery Records.

2. “Nottingham Branch Record Book,” 3, microfilm 87025, UPB. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Report of the Sheffield Quarterly Conference . . . December 23d, 1849 (Sheffield, 1849?), 2. Report of the First Quarterly Meeting of the Nottinghamshire Conference, 4. Nottinghamshire Conference: Second Quarterly Report (Nottingham? 1852), 2. Millennial Star 14:112, 336, 544.

3. “Record of Names in the New Radford Branch,” 42, microfilm 87022, UPB. Report of the Nottinghamshire Conference . . . 26th day of December, 1852 (Nottingham? 1853), 15. Millennial Star 17:777; 18:760; 19:93–94. “European Emigration Card Index.” A. K. Hafen, Devoted Empire Builders (Pioneers of St. George) (St. George, Utah, 1969), 108. Albert E. Miller, The Immortal Pioneers: Founders of City of St. George, Utah (St. George, Utah, 1946), 19, 23–24, 73, 218–19. St. George Cemetery Records. Ancestral File.

686 1. Deseret News, 17 April 1852, 2.

2. “Journal History,” 21 May 1851; 6 April 1852 (p. 5); 12 September, 26 September 1877. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:434. B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City, 1930), 4:14–15. Stewart L. Grow, A Tabernacle in the Desert (Salt Lake City, 1958), 20–27. Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 4:114.

687 1. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:174, typescript, UPB.

688 1. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 29 May, 24 August, 1 September, 15 September, 5 November, 13 November, 25 December, 29 December 1851, typescript, USlC. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:125–28, typescript, UPB. Millennial Star 14:210.

2. Millennial Star 14:74, 128; 16:303, 319, 592. C. H. Wheelock and A. F. McDonald, Invitation (Liverpool, 1852?), 4. John Taylor, Government of God (Liverpool, 1852), back wrapper. A. F. McDonald, What Do the Latter-day Saints Believe? (Liverpool, 1853), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854).

3. European Mission Financial Records, 7:653, 659; 9:48, 50, USlC.

4. Missing or misaligned periods in the chapter numbers or book names occur on pp. 8, 42, 46, 222, 282, 311, 336, 378, 380, 381, 423, 431, 434, 456, 470, 496, 504, 525, 544, 546, and 556; incorrect book names occur on pp. 141–42. Hugh G. Stocks, “The Book of Mormon, 1830–1879: A Publishing History” (master’s thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1979), 81–82.

5. Typographical errors in the 1852 text occur in the following: p. 75, line 14 from bottom; p. 93, line 10 from bottom; p. 96, line 14 from bottom; p. 243, line 15; p. 300, line 19; p. 336, line 7; p. 344, line 17; p. 371, line 2; p. 381, line 5; p. 435, bottom line; p. 437, line 3; p. 461, line 8; p. 482, line 2 from bottom; p. 490, line 25; and p. 518, line 15.

6. In Alma 19:6 the phrase light of everlasting light is corrected to light of everlasting life; in Alma 20:4, that my brethren were in prison is corrected to that thy brethren were in prison; and in Mormon 6:2, we would give them battle is corrected to we could give them battle. Of the nineteen 1852 changes listed by Jeffrey R. Holland, only these three were actually new to the 1852 edition. Jeffrey R. Holland, “An Analysis of Selected Changes in Major Editions of the Book of Mormon—1830–1920” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1966).

Six other changes occur in: Alma 18:41 with thou hast had changed to thou has had; Alma 27:25 with convertion corrected to conversion; Alma 46:24 with sons changed to son’s; Helaman 6:41 with eighth changed to eight; 3 Nephi 9:7 with and the city changed to and in the city; and 3 Nephi 12:43 with hate thine enemy changed to hate thy enemy.

7. The text in p. 202, line 18 from the bottom, in the 1852 edition—now Mosiah 27:30—reads but own that they may foresee in the 1841 Book of Mormon and is corrected to but now that they may foresee in the 1849 edition and first state of the 1852. The second state changes now back to own. Subsequently own was again corrected to now—the reading in the current edition as well as the 1830 edition.

The text in p. 286, line 16 from the bottom—now Alma 27:25—reads his conversation with Ammon in the 1841 book, his convertion with Ammon in the 1849, and his conversion with Ammon in the first state of the 1852 edition. The second state changes this to his conversation with Ammon. This phrase was subsequently corrected to read his conversion with Ammon—the current and 1830 versions.

8. Copies of the second state are located at CLU-C and USlC; a third copy is in private hands.

9. Samuel W. Richards to George A. Smith, 3 September 1852, Deseret News, 25 December 1852, 2. See note 7.

690 1. Millennial Star 13:88, 250, 252–53, 332–33, 362–65; 14:59, 76. Lorenzo Snow to Hugh Finlay, Malta, 11 March 1852, in Missionary Journals of Hugh Findlay: India-Scotland, comp. Ross and Linnie Findlay (Ephraim, Utah, 1973), 5–6. Edward L. Hart, Mormon in Motion: The Life and Journals of James H. Hart, 1825–1906, in England, France, and America (Salt Lake City, 1978), 26.

2. European Mission Financial Records, 7:652.

3. Millennial Star 13:332, 365; 14:59, 76, 154. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 13–14 April 1852. European Mission Financial Records, 7:635.

4. The Lee Library’s presentation copy is to F. D. Richards, the Marriott Library’s to the Deseret University, the Daughters’ to John Taylor. The LDS Church has three such copies, to Parley P. Pratt, George A. Smith, and the General Church Recorder’s Office. The one presented to Wilford Woodruff is owned by a private collector. The Church also has a copy in black sheep that belonged to Dominico Ballo.

5. European Mission Financial Records, 7:651–52, 659; 13:3, 547–49. Taylor, Government of God, back wrapper. Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool (Liverpool, 1856), 3. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C.

6. It has been claimed that state 1 was bound in dark blue cloth about 1927, and state 2 was bound in medium blue cloth about 1930. In fact, state 1 occurs in black pebbled cloth, dark blue pebbled cloth of at least two different shades, and medium blue pebbled cloth, and state 2 occurs in both the dark blue and medium blue pebbled cloth. All of the copies in these two states that have been examined appear to have been bound at the same time, but exactly when they were bound has not been documented. Copies of the first state in two shades of dark blue cloth, as well as copies of the second state in dark blue and medium blue cloth, are at the LDS Church. Copies of the first state in black and dark blue cloth and a copy of the second state in medium blue cloth are in the Brigham Young University Lee Library. A copy of the first state in medium blue cloth is in private hands.

691 1. “Journal History,” 30 April, 1 May, 8 May 1852.

2. “Journal History,” 25 May, 30–31 May, 1 June 1852.

This mail returned to Salt Lake City “in a damaged condition” on June 5 because the streams were impassable, and it did not start again for the East until June 13. Elias Smith, “Diaries,” 1 June, 6 June, 12 June 1852, photocopy, UPB.

3. Ferris was nominated on May 7 and confirmed by the Senate on June 11; Read and Shaver were nominated on August 13 and confirmed on August 31. Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America (Washington, 1887), 8:387, 399, 436, 452.

4. The number 3,488 appears twice in the “Journal History” entry for 31 May 1852 but may be a typographical error for 3,448.

693 1. “Journal History,” 8 September, 14–15 September, 21–22 September, 24 September, 23 October (pp. 2, 5), 31 October 1851 (p. 2). Frontier Guardian, 14 November 1851, 2. Brigham Young, Willard Richards, and W. W. Phelps to Jedediah M. Grant, 1 October 1851, Brigham Young papers, USlC.

2. J. M. Grant to Susan Grant, 11 December 1851; Grant to Brigham Young and Council, 30 December 1851; as quoted in Gene A. Sessions, Mormon Thunder: A Documentary History of Jedediah Morgan Grant (Urbana, Ill., 1982), 90–91.

3. New-York Daily Tribune, 5 November, 6 November 1851. New York Herald, 20 November 1851. Utah: Message from the President of the United States, Transmitting Information in Reference to the Condition of Affairs in the Territory of Utah, 32d Cong., 1st sess., 9 January 1852, H. Ex. Doc. 25, 8–22. J. M. Grant to Brigham Young, 10 March 1852, as quoted in Sessions, Mormon Thunder, 98–99.

4. J. M. Grant to Susan Grant, 10 February 1852; Grant to Susan Grant, 7 March 1852; as quoted in Sessions, Mormon Thunder, 94–98. Grant to Brigham Young, 10 March 1852. Grant, Three Letters to the New York Herald, 2.

5. Grant to Susan Grant, 7 March 1852. Grant to Brigham Young, 10 March 1852. J. M. Grant to Susan Grant, 15 April 1852; Grant to Brigham Young, 15 April 1852; Grant to Young, 13 May 1852; as quoted in Sessions, Mormon Thunder, 104–9. J. M. Grant to Thomas L. Kane, 11 May 1852, Kane Collection, UPB. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards, 20 May 1852, typescript, USlC.

6. Grant’s first letter is reprinted in the Deseret News of May 15, 1852.

7. Utah: Message from the President, 8–9.

8. T. B. H. Stenhouse, The Rocky Mountain Saints (New York, 1873), 278.

9. B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City, 1930), 3:528.

10. Grant to Young, 15 April, 13 May 1852.

11. “Journal History,” 13 May 1852. Roberts, A Comprehensive History, 3:528.

12. Sessions, Mormon Thunder, 264–65.

13. “Journal History,” 17 July 1852, 2. Sessions, Mormon Thunder, 103–4. Grant to Young, 15 April, 13 May 1852. Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate, 8:387, 394.

Hyde was not confirmed because he lacked legal training. That August, Fillmore nominated Lazarus H. Read, chief justice, and Leonidas Shaver, associate justice, both non-Mormons (see item 691, note 3).

694 1. “Journal of George P. Dykes, 1849–1851,” 87, typescript, USlC. John Taylor to George Viett, 15 July 1851, USlC. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 22 September 1851.

2. Journal of Discourses 1:24–25. “Manuscript History of the Swiss, Italian & German Mission,” vol. 4, 21 August 1861, USlC.

3. Roberts, A Comprehensive History, 3:411–13.

4. “Journal of George P. Dykes,” 87.

5. Millennial Star 14:296, 398. “Manuscript History of the German Mission,” 25 May 1852, USlC. “Journal of Jacob Gates,” 7 June 1852, microfilm, USlC. European Mission Financial Records, 7:710; 8:105; 9:47, 224–26. Taylor, Government of God, back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool.

Five different versions of Daniel Garn’s last name appear in the record. During his 1852–54 mission, the Millennial Star referred to him as “Carn” or “Carns.” History of the Church identifies him as “Carn,” Carnes,” “Garn,” or “Garns,” the “Journal History” as “Carn,” “Carns,” or “Garn.” Biographical Encyclopedia uses “Garn,” as does the Ancestral File. His grave marker in the Salt Lake City Cemetery (C–7–4) gives “Garn.” Millennial Star 14:89, 398, 461–63, 603; 15:152–58, 539; 16:41, 140, 333. History of the Church 3:209; 4:430; 5:119, 486; 6:149, 165; 7:57, 71, 298, 306, 444, 548, 626. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia 4:508.

6. When Taylor wrote to Viett on July 15, 1851, he indicated that Curtis E. Bolton would soon have the first printed sheet of the French Book of Mormon and would send it on to Viett. Taylor to Viett, 15 July 1851.

7. “Manuscript History of the Swiss, Italian & German Mission,” vol. 4, 4 May, 11 June, 21 August 1861. European Mission Financial Records, 13:493, 589.

695 1. “Diary of Andrew Ferguson,” 1–3, 6–8, 20, 45–47, 50, 128–31, 218–21, UPB. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Millennial Star 8:73; 9:158; 10:70; 14:666; 15:511, 842; 16:763–64; 17:171–72; 41:314, 332, 603, 650–51; 42:375, 588, 668–69. Report of the Dundee Conference, from November 30, 1851, to May 30, 1852 (Dundee? 1852?), 2, 5, 7–8. “Utah Immigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. Elisha Warner, The History of Spanish Fork (Spanish Fork, Utah, 1930), 233, 237. LaNora P. Allred, Spanish Fork: City on the Rio De Aguas Calientes (Spanish Fork, Utah, 1981), 28–30, 41. Spanish Fork Cemetery Records.

2. “Diary of Andrew Ferguson,” 19–20, 38.

3. “Diary of Andrew Ferguson,” 31–32.

697 1. Whit-Monday, the fiftieth day after Easter, is a national holiday in England.

2. Half-Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . Nov. 30th and Dec. 1st, 1850 (London, 1851), 2. Half-Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . May 31st, and June 1st, 1851 (London, 1851), 4. Half-Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . December 6th & 7th, 1851 (London, 1851), 6. Half-Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . June 5th and 6th, 1852 (London, 1852), 8. Report of the London Pastoral Conference . . . December 25th and 26th, 1852 (London, 1853?), 16. Half Yearly Report of the London Conference . . . 2nd & 3rd July, 1853 (London? 1853), 4. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” “Early Church Information File.” “European Emigration Card Index.” “Utah Immigration Card Index.” Deseret News 35:832. Irvin F. Fisher, “Gen. and Biography of Thomas Frederick Fisher,” typescript, USlC. Frank Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1913), 872–73. East of Antelope Island (Salt Lake City, 1971), 225. Ancestral File.

698 1. Report of the Edinburgh Conference, (from June 9th to December 8th, 1850.) (Edinburgh? 1850?).

The second Dundee Conference report was issued in 1854.

2. Temple Index Bureau, UPB. “Early Church Information File.” “European Emigration Card Index.” Millennial Star 10:300; 11:56, 63, 134; 12:15, 239, 320, 345; 13:15, 238, 288; 14:319, 634, 666; 15:240. “Journal History,” 25 January, 8 February, 13 April 1854; 6 February 1856; 4 March 1857; 20 January 1858; 24 July 1860 (p. 4); 13 February 1869 (p. 4). Heber City Cemetery Records. Ancestral File.

3. Millennial Star 14:15, 319; 15:79, 511. “Diary of Andrew Ferguson.” “European Emigration Card Index.” “Journal of William Burton,” 30 November 1850, microfilm of typescript, USlC.

700–2 1. Millennial Star 13:333, 365; 14:141–42.

2. “Autobiography of Elder James Ferguson Bell Including a History of the Malta Mission” (Transcribed from Pitman Shorthand by LaJean Purcell Carruth, Geographical and Personal Names Edited by John E. Fell), 51–52, 54–5, typescript, USlC.

3. “Autobiography of Elder James Ferguson Bell,” 55, 57, 65. Millennial Star 14:476–77, 603.

4. “Sheerness Branch Record of Members 1850–1863,” 51; “Sheerness Branch Record of Members 1849–1875,” 2; microfilm 87031, UPB. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” “Paradise Ward Record of Members Early to 1905,” 30, microfilm 26365, UPB. Temple Index Bureau. Ancestral File. Millennial Star 15:432, 539, 681, 780, 794; 16:218. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:346–47. Andrew Jenson, Church Chronology (Salt Lake City, 1914), 24 November 1888, 1 April 1889.

Obray’s birth date is unclear: Ancestral File gives July 23, 1821; the Sheerness Branch records indicate that he was twenty-two years old at the time of his baptism in 1844; the Paradise Ward record lists July 1824 and Biographical Encyclopedia says July 23, 1824; the Endowment House records give July 22, 1826.

5. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Temple Index Bureau. Millennial Star 13:25–26, 88–90, 186, 301–2; 14:236–37, 476–77; 15:127, 670–71, 779–80; 16:61–62, 187. Deseret Evening News, 3 March 1870, 3. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:571; 4:345–47, 389. A. K. Hafen, Devoted Empire Builders (Pioneers of St. George) (St. George, Utah, 1969), 143. Ancestral File.

703 1. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Temple Index Bureau. Millennial Star 9:190, 370; 10:102, 128, 181–2, 214–17; 12:345; 13:122, 333–34; 15:761, 842; 16:764; 17:510–11, 776–77; 18:520; 19:121, 249. Report of the Edinburgh Conference, (from June 9th to December 8th, 1850.) (Edinburgh? 1850?), 1. “Journal History,” 30 September 1860, 4. Deseret News, 5 November 1921, 2. Salt Lake City Cemetery Records. Ancestral File.

704 1. Brigham Young, Governor’s Message, to the Legislative Assembly of Utah Territory, January 5, 1852 (Salt Lake City, 1852), 6. Deseret News, 1 May 1852, 2.

2. J. H. Holeman to Luke Lea, 29 February 1852; Holeman to Lea, 29 March 1852; Holeman to Lea, 29 April 1852; in The Utah Expedition: Message from the President of the United States, Transmitting Reports . . . Relative to the Military Expedition Ordered into the Territory of Utah, 35th Cong., 1st sess., 1858, H. Ex. Doc. 71, 138–48.

3. J. H. Holeman to Luke Lea, 30 August 1852, The Utah Expedition, 155–58. J. H. Holeman to Brigham Young, 25 September 1852, in Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (Washington, 1852), 149–55. Deseret News, 29 May 1852, 3.

4. J. H. Holeman to Brigham Young, 30 September 1853, in Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (Washington, 1853), 203–7.

5. “Journal History,” 27 May 1852. J. H. Holeman to Luke Lea, 8 May 1852; Holeman to Lea, 5 May 1853; The Utah Expedition, 151–55, 160­–61. Dale L. Morgan, “The Administration of Indian Affairs in Utah, 1851–1858,” Pacific Historical Review 17 (1948): 383–93. 1850 Kentucky census, Owen County, 226.

705 1. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:187–90, typescript, UPB.

2. “Hull Branch Record of Members 1844–1857,” 3–4, 47–48, microfilm 87004, UPB. Millennial Star 11:134; 13:207; 14:15, 319; 15:79, 511; 16:79, 479; 17:76.

706 1. The eighth and ninth reports were published in 1853 and 1855.

2. Millennial Star 13:334; 15:79, 169.

707 1. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Millennial Star 14:10, 318–19, 634, 666; 15:105. “Utah Emigration Card Index.” “Sugar House Ward Record of Members 1854–1894,” 15, microfilm 26792, UPB. 1856 Utah census, Sugar House, 515. 1870 California census, Santa Cruz, 380.

708 1. The third report was published in 1853.

709 1. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt (New York, 1874), 433–51. Reva Holdaway Stanley and Charles L. Camp, eds., “A Mormon Mission to California in 1851: From the Diary of Parley Parker Pratt,” California Historical Society Quarterly 14 (1935): 59–73, 175–82. “Journal History,” 23 February 1851. A. Delbert Palmer and Mark L. Grover, “Hoping to Establish a Presence: Parley P. Pratt’s 1851 Mission to Chile,” BYU Studies 38:4 (1999): 115–38. David J. Whittaker, “Parley P. Pratt and the Pacific Mission: Mormon Publishing in ‘That Very Questionable Part of the Civilized World,’” in Davis Bitton, ed., Mormons, Scripture, and the Ancient World (Provo, Utah, 1998), 51–84. Pratt, Proclamation to the People of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacific, 8.

Phoebe Soper Pratt, Parley’s eighth wife, was born in New York, July 8, 1823, married Parley in 1846, and bore him three children, only one of which, a daughter, reached maturity. Phoebe died at her daughter’s home in Provo, Utah, September 17, 1887. Reva Holdaway Stanley, “His Eighth Wife,” in Kate B. Carter, Our Pioneer Heritage (Salt Lake City, 1974), 17:221–23. Deserert News 36:565. Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt (Salt Lake City, 1973), 462–63.

Phoebe and Parley’s son Omner was born on November 30, 1851, and died on January 7, 1852; he was buried “in the Protestant Burying Ground on the hill” in Valparaíso. Parley P. Pratt, “Journal . . . Commencing the Pacific Mission 1851,” 30 November 1851, 7 January 1852, UPB.

Rufus Chester Allen, born in New York, October 22, 1827, joined the Church in 1837, marched to California with the Mormon Battalion, came to the Salt Lake Valley in the summer of 1847, and went with Parley Pratt on the exploring expedition to southern Utah in 1849. Upon his return from the Chilean mission, he married and settled in Ogden and then was called to the Southern Indian Mission, with which he labored for three and a half years, returning to Ogden in 1857. In 1862 he moved to “Dixie” and lived in Virgin, Kanarraville, and Paragonah before buying himself a house in St. George in 1891, where he died, December 7, 1915. Biographical Sketch of Rufus Chester Allen (1905), microfilm of typescript, UPB. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 1 January 1916, 8. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:535.

2. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt (New York, 1874), 440–42.

3. The Brigham Young University Lee Library has an eight-page manuscript by Parley Pratt, “Facts! For the Serious Consideration of Spanish Americans,” which appears to be an early version of his Proclamacion! Extraordinaria. This came to the library with other Pratt papers, including his original 1851–52 diary, from Reva Holdaway Stanley Scott, a great-granddaughter of Parley and Phoebe Pratt and the author of A Biography of Parley P. Pratt the Archer of Paradise.

4. I am grateful to Harold E. Rosen for this assessment of the Spanish text.

5. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt, 413, 432, 434, 438, 440–43.

6. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt, 452–53. Stanley and Camp, “A Mormon Mission to California in 1851,” 176–77.

710 1. John Nugent, born in Ireland about 1824, immigrated to America as a youth, worked for a time at the New York Herald, and came to California in December 1849. Six months later he helped found the San Francisco Daily Herald, which quickly became one of the city’s leading newspapers, in part because of Nugent’s aggressive editorial style. Twice he was seriously wounded in duels that resulted from his articles in the paper, and his vigorous opposition to the Vigilance Committee of 1856 ultimately brought the Herald to a close. He died in San Leandro, California, March 29, 1880. 1860 California census, San Francisco County, District 8, 1295. Frank Soulé, John H. Gihon, and James Nisbet, The Annals of San Francisco (New York, San Francisco, and London, 1855), 823. Daily Alta California, 30 March 1880, 1. James O’Meara, “Early Editors of California,” Overland Monthly 14 (1889): 495–98. Edward C. Kemble, A History of California Newspapers, ed. Helen Harding Bretnor (Los Gatos, Calif., 1962), 101–4. Theodore H. Hittell, History of California (San Francisco, 1897), 3:490­–2; 4:220–21, 278­–79.

2. Frontier Guardian, 26 December 1851, 2. See also Frontier Guardian, 23 January 1852, 2.

711 1. John Jones, “A Sketch of the History of the Work of the Lord in the Australasian Colonies,” Zion’s Watchman, 1:262.

2. Wandell, Reply to Shall We Believe in Mormon? 1–2.

3. Wandell, Reply to Shall We Believe in Mormon? 1.

4. Jones, “A Sketch of the History,” 261.

5. See p. 4, lines 5 and 13 from the bottom; p. 5, line 2 from the bottom; p. 6, line 29; p. 7, line 21; and p. 8, line 29.

712 1. Cleo H. Evans, comp., Curtis Edwin Bolton: Pioneer Missionary (Fairfax, Va., 1968), 99, 117.

713 1. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 99, 117.

2. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 43, 53, 83, 99, 117, 122.

3. The Brigham Young University Lee Library has an English translation of De la Nécessité de Nouvelles Révélations by Spenser Call.

714 1. There are many copies of this unbound state, at CSmH, UPB, and USlC, for example.

2. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 146, 149. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:433–42.

Hosea Stout—a member of the House Committee on Public Printing—was born in Kentucky on September 18, 1810, joined the Church in 1838, served as an officer in the Nauvoo Legion and chief of the Nauvoo police, and came to Great Salt Lake City in 1848, where he was a member of the legislature of the provisional state of Deseret, a regent of the University of Deseret, speaker of the House of Representatives, 1856–57, and a founder of the newspaper the Mountaineer. Admitted to the bar in 1851, he practiced law in Salt Lake City for the next twenty-five years, interrupted by a mission to China, 1852–53, and almost five years in southern Utah, 1861–66. He died in Salt Lake City, March 2, 1889. His valuable diary is quoted throughout this volume. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier. “Autobiography of Hosea Stout 1810 to 1844,” Utah Historical Quarterly 30 (1962): 333–44. J. Cecil Alter, Early Utah Journalism (Salt Lake City, 1938), 31, 324–27. Deseret Evening News, 2 March 1889, 3.

3. Deseret News, 4 September 1852, 3. Annual Message of Governor Brigham Young, Presented to the Legislature of Utah, December 13, 1852 (Salt Lake City, 1852), 2.

716 1. The 1850 celebration is reported in the Deseret News of July 27, August 3, and August 10, 1850; the one in 1851 is reported in the News of July 26 and August 19, 1851.

2. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:442–43.

717 1. “Journal History,” 30 September, 2 October, 9 October 1848; 17 February 1849. “First General Epistle of the First Presidency,” Millennial Star 11:228. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), 46–47, 51–52.

An undated map of the Big Field, listing names of the owners, is in the Samuel W. Richards papers, USlC.

A “Big Field” had been organized in Nauvoo, six miles southeast of the city, comprising six sections of land, on which thirty thousand bushels of corn and nearly the same of wheat were raised in 1845. “The John Taylor Nauvoo Journal,” BYU Studies 23 (summer 1983): 87. History of the Church 7:437–38.

2. Deseret News, 20 March 1852, 3; 3 April 1852, 3. Acts, Resolutions, and Memorials, Passed by the First Annual, and Special Sessions, of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1852), 73–74. Luceal Rockwood Curtis, Compiled and Assembled History of Albert Perry Rockwood (Salt Lake City, 1968), 104.

For other actions of the fence committee see Deseret News, 17 April (p. 3), 21 August (p. 3), 2 October (p. 3), 25 December 1852 (p. 3); 8 June 1854, 2.

3. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 10, UPB. “Early Church Information File,” microfilm, UPB. Deseret Evening News, 21 November 1895, 1. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:724–25.

4. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 262. “Early Church Information File.” History of the Church 4:139. “General Record of the Seventies,” Book B, 62, microfilm 179953, UPB. 1850 Utah census, Great Salt Lake County, 83. 1860 Utah census, Great Salt Lake County, 97. Deseret News, 8 June 1854, 2.

The identification of George Allen of the Fence Committee is complicated by the existence of George Allen, the member of the Mormon Battalion, who was born in Woosten, England, on April 16, 1802, and whose wife’s name was Hannah. Carl V. Larson, A Database of the Mormon Battalion (Salt Lake City, 1997), 9–10.

718 1. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 6 December, 9 December, 26 December, 29 December 1851, typescript, USlC. Millennial Star 14:128, 210, 320, 400. S. W. Richards to G. A. Smith, 3 September 1852, Deseret News, 25 December 1852, 2. “Diary of Samuel W. Richards,” 2:125–28, typescript, UPB. John Taylor, Government of God (Liverpool, 1852), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854).

2. European Mission Financial Records, 8:7, 34; 9:47, 50; 10:309, USlC.

3. Robert J. Woodford, “The Historical Development of the Doctrine and Covenants,” 3 vols. (Ph.D. diss., Brigham Young University, 1974)

These changes occur in what are now 10:70, 18:31, 30:4, 50:27, 51:5, 52:26, 76:9, 84:2, 84:94, 89:1, 93:4, 104:43, 107:1, 119:1, 127:7, 128:4, 134:10, with those reversing changes in the 1849 edition in 97:2, 102:10, 135:3.

4. These occur in 5:31, 18:29, 20:65, 63:59, 76:8, 84:28, 91:6, 93:15, 93:19, 124:95, 124:123.

5. These occur in 29:9, 36:1, 64:16, 82:13, 84:2, 84:32, 84:38, 124:3, 127:3, 127:4, 135:1.

6. These occur in 105:28 and 124:118.

7. These occur in 48:4, 63:50, 72:1, 72:18, 76:71, 82:4, 88:102, 98:37, 107:23, 107:26, 107:33, 127:1, 128:14, 128:18, 133:50, 134:11, and 135:4, with those reversing 1849 changes in 71:11, 88:135, and 98:47.

8. These occur in 4:5, 29:21, 42:32, 46:5, 50:7, 56:17, 70:14, 84:29, 84:30, 84:60, 84:80, 88:78, 88:85, 88:134, 93:16, 102:2, 107:20, 107:58, 107:77, 112:13, 124:08, 124:84, with those reversing changes in the first state in 30:4, 50:27, 63:59, 88:135, and 135:4.

An interesting sequence of changes, for example, occurs in what is now 88:135. This verse, in the 1845 edition, includes the phrase prayer or covenant, and, which is changed to prayer and covenant, or in the 1849 edition and changed back to prayer or covenant, and in the first state of the 1852; in the second state of the 1852 edition this phrase is again changed to prayer and covenant, or—the current version.

719 1. Millennial Star 14:171; 15:106, 137, 842; 16:187.

2. Millennial Star 14:240, 400, 635.

3. The Brigham Young University copy has the phrase Old Ship Inn Yard, Moor Street, Ormskirk, which is absent in the LDS Church copy.

4. Millenial Star 17:42–44.

5. “Early Church Information File.” Millennial Star 13:127, 349; 14:171, 319; 15:761, 842; 16:187. Deseret Evening News, 21 March 1903, 1. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:557–58. Don Carlos Johnson, A Brief History of Springville, Utah (Springville, Utah, 1900), 26, 32–33, 41. A. K. Hafen, Devoted Empire Builders (Pioneers of St. George) (St. George, Utah, 1969), 79. Albert E. Miller, The Immortal Pioneers: Founders of City of St. George, Utah (N.p., 1946), 46. Ancestral File, UPB.

720–21 1. “An Act to Establish a Territorial Government for Utah,” Acts, Resolutions and Memorials, Passed at the Several Annual Sessions of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1855), 112–13. Deseret News, 24 July 1852, 3.

2. Deseret News—Extra, 14 September 1852, 10.

3. Deseret News, 2 October 1852, 2; 27 November 1852, 2. Elias Smith, “Diaries,” 8 November 1852, photocopy, UPB. See, e.g., Names of Members of the Legislative Council of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1852?).

722 1. Cleo H. Evans, comp., Curtis Edwin Bolton: Pioneer Missionary (Fairfax, Va., 1968), 76, 100–2. Edward L. Hart, Mormon in Motion: The Life and Journals of James H. Hart, 1825–1906, in England, France, and America (Salt Lake City, 1978), 57–59.

2. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File),” microfilm, UPB. “Journal History,” 2 June 1860, 1 January 1862. “European Emigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. 1870 Utah census, Salt Lake County, 667.

723 1. Initially baptized into the Church on April 30, 1848, at age forty-eight, Taylor was rebaptized into the Church after his excommunication and again cut off in 1859. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Report of the Bradford Quarterly Conference . . . March 9, 1851 (Bradford, 1851), 5. Millennial Star 13:208, 304; 14:336.

724 1. “Early Church Information File.” “Utah Immigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. Deseret Evening News, 2 April 1895, 5. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:72–73. Frank Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1913), 857. Ancestral File.

2. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret News, 4 September 1852, 3; 17 June 1863, 408. Ancestral File.

3. I am grateful to Richard L. Saunders for bringing the Ellerbeck-Hyder invitation to my attention.

725 1. Evans, Curtis Edwin Bolton, 48. Millennial Star 13:81–83.

2. Taylor, Government of God, vii. Millennial Star 14:104–5, 320, 400. S. W. Richards to G. A. Smith, 3 September 1852, Deseret News, 25 December 1852, 2. European Mission Financial Records, 8:23, 153, USlC.

3. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854). Brigham Young to George Q. Cannon, 15 May 1861, USlC. European Mission Financial Records, 13:547–49. Pearl of Great Price (Salt Lake City, 1878), back wrapper. Deseret Evening News, 22 June 1874, 1. Deseret News 23:611, 763; 24:11, 679.

4. Bancroft gave the Government of God a glowing review, writing “as a dissertation on a general and abstract subject, it probably has not its equal in point of ability within the whole range of Mormon literature.” H. H. Bancroft, History of Utah (San Francisco, 1890), 433.

727 1. “Journal History,” 31 December 1852, supplement. Deseret News, 18 September 1852. Kate B. Carter, Treasures of Pioneer History (Salt Lake City, 1952), 1:445.

2. It seems to have taken about five weeks for news from the east to be reported in the Deseret News. See, for example, the News of August 7, which quotes the Kanesville Western Bugle of June 30, and the Deseret News Extra of January 31, 1852.

Two of the companies listed in the broadside reached the Valley before September 10: the first company, led by James W. Bay, on August 13, and the fourth company, led by Joseph Outhouse, on September 6.

3. Deseret News, 21 August (p. 3), 4 September (p. 3), 18 September 1852 (p. 2).

728 1. “Early Church Information File.” “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Ancestral File. Millennial Star 13:334; 14:319; 15:79, 511, 761, 842; 16:171. Deseret Evening News, 5 May 1898, 5. Constitution of the State of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1882), 4. Willard City Cemetery Records.

2. “Early Church Information File.” Ancestral File. Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 955. Deseret Evening News, 27 March 1911, 2. Improvement Era 7:214–15; 14:659–60.

3. Quarterly Report of the Edinburgh Conference, 8. Report of the Glasgow Conference . . . 3d July, 1853 (Glasgow, 1853), 16.

Although no definite link has been established, F. C. Robinson is perhaps Frederick C. Robinson, who was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire, September 6, 1826, baptized into the Church June 9, 1848, sailed with his wife Elizabeth on the Horizon in May 1856, and crossed the plains with the Martin handcart company. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” “Utah Immigration Card Index.” “Early Church Information File.”

729 1. “Diary of Job Smith a Pioneer of Nauvoo, Illinois and Utah,” 33, mimeographed, UPB.

2. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Millennial Star 11:48, 256; 12:16, 304; 13:16, 112, 208, 304; 14:16, 112. “Diary of Job Smith,” 29–30.

3. Millennial Star 15:48, 64, 79, 176, 256, 272, 304, 512.

732–33 1. McGhie succeeded John S. Higbee as president of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Conference in January 1852 and served until the following January, when he assumed the presidency of the Derbyshire Conference. Millennial Star 13:334; 14:666.

Thomas Clough was likely a lay minister inasmuch as the American Baptist Historical Society, Rochester, New York, the Centre for Baptist History and Heritage, Regent’s Park College, Oxford, England, and the Strict Baptist Historical Society, Dunstable, England, have no record of him. One possible reference comes from the Angus Library, Regent’s Park College. Speaking of Baptist preaching in West Hartlepool in the 1850s, this source says: “Mr. Clough of County Durham (no town given) was always ready to do good and to communicate; I well remember him opening the room at West Hartlepool for preaching, where he preached once a month. He had to walk on one occasion from Percy Main-on-Tyne, a distance of twenty-seven miles, to preach the gospel.” Thou Shalt Remember: A Brief Account of the Commencement and Progress of the Strict Baptist Cause at Thornton Street, West Hartlepool, Compiled for the Occasion of the Centenary Services (n.p., August 1953), 3.

2. Hartlepool is on the east coast of England, about twenty-five miles southeast of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Wingate is about seven miles northwest of Hartlepool, Haswell about four miles north of Wingate.

3. Presumably McGhie’s committee included the signers of item 732. Thomas Pace was born in Durham, England, October 9, 1827, joined the Church in 1849, and married Mary Jane Blackett in Hartlepool in 1854. He and his family came to Utah in 1862 and settled in Nephi, where he died on May 9, 1902. “Early Church Information File.” Temple Index Bureau, microfilm, UPB. Vine Bluff Cemetery Records, City Recorder’s Office, Nephi, Utah. Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 1082. Ancestral File [Thomas Barker Pace].

For a sketch of Robert Gillies, see items 607–9, note 5. Of James Sewell, William Newby, and Thomas Cook, nothing is known.

4. Read and Judge: Mormons (Hartlepool: Office of J. Procter, 9 September 1852).

5. Two Lectures on the Absurdities of Mormonism: The Inhabitants of Hartlepool and West Hartlepool are Respectfully Informed, that Mr. T. Clough, the Talented and Successful Advocate Against Mormon Imposture, will Deliver His First Lecture on Monday Night, September 20th, 1852, in Mr. Bell’s School Room, Darlington Street. Second Lecture, on Monday Night, September 27th . . . (Hartlepool: Office of J. Procter, 1852).

6. I am indebted to William Roberts and Ronald D. Dennis for calling these pieces to my attention.

734 1. William Kelly, An Excursion to California, 2 vols. (London, 1851), 1:225–26. Nelson Slater, Fruits of Mormonism (Coloma, Calif., 1851), 85. Howard Stansbury, Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah (Philadelphia, 1852), 136–38. John W. Gunnison, The Mormons, or, Latter-day Saints, in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake (Philadelphia, 1852), 67–72. Utah: Message from the President of the United States, Transmitting Information in Reference to the Condition of Affairs in the Territory of Utah, 32d Cong., 1st sess., 9 January 1852, H. Ex. Doc. 25, 19.

2. Frontier Guardian, 26 December 1851, 2.

3. Jedediah M. Grant, Three Letters to the New York Herald (New York, 1852), 44–45.

4. Parley P. Pratt, “Mormonism!” “Plurality of Wives!” An Especial Chapter, for the Especial Edification of Certain Inquisitive News Editors, Etc. (San Francisco, 13 July 1852). W. W. Phelps to James Gordon Bennett, 1 May 1852, New York Herald, 15 July 1852, 2.

5. A number of the Church leaders met on August 15, 1852, to discuss plural marriage. Franklin D. Richards, who returned to Salt Lake City from England on August 20, noted in his journal that Bullock’s reading of the revelation at the conference was the first time he had heard it, “notwithstanding it has been 9 years known by most of the Twelve.” At this point, Richards had three wives. On September 11 he read the proof of the extra. “Journal History,” 15 August 1852. “Journal of Franklin D. Richards,” 20 August, 5 September, 11 September 1852, typescript, USlC.

6. Deseret News, 18 September 1852, 3; 2 October 1852, 2.

7. Deseret News, 2 October 1852, 2. Journal of Discourses 1:53–66; 6:255–98.

8. See, e.g., Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 4:11–12.

735 1. Deseret News—Extra, 14 September 1852, 10. “Journal of Horace S. Eldredge, Sep 1852–Apr 1854,” 16 December 1852, 28 January 1853, microfilm, USlC. “Journal History,” 23 September, 6 December 1852. “William Gibson’s Journal,” No. 3, 194, USlC.

The St. Louis Valley Farmer was a monthly published by Pickering, Penn & Co., begun in January 1849.

2. Copies with the wrappers are at CSmH, MH, NN, and USlD.

3. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 121. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 6 September 1888, 2. “Autobiography of Horace S. Eldredge,” Tullidge’s Quarterly Magazine 1 (1881): 406–14. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:196–97.

736 1. Millennial Star 12:272; 14:464. Samuel W. Richards to George A. Smith, 3 September 1852, Deseret News, 25 December 1852, 2. European Mission Financial Records, 8:64, 197; 13:547–49. John Taylor, Government of God (Liverpool, 1852), back wrapper. A. F. McDonald, What Do the Latter-day Saints Believe? (Liverpool, 1853), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854). Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool (Liverpool, 1856), 2.

2. The only located copy in wrappers is at the LDS Church, purchased from the University of Michigan Clements Library in 1996.

737 1. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:208–9, typescript, UPB.

Sunderland, on the coast about eight miles southwest of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, was in the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Conference. Half-Yearly Report of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Conference . . . May 14th and 15th, 1853 (London, 1853), 15–16.

2. “Diary of Appleton M. Harmon,” 1:209–11.

738 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 146, 149–50.

2. Brooks, On the Mormon Frontier, 2:437–38, 440, 442–44, 452, 456.

739–40 1. Millennial Star 11:252; 12:155–57, 346; 13:283–84; 14:90–91. European Mission Financial Records, 7:165. Autobiography of Harry F. McCune, in Kate B. Carter, Our Pioneer Heritage (Salt Lake City 1969), 12:99–101. R. Lanier Britsch, Nothing More Heroic: The Compelling Story of the First Latter-day Saint Missionaries in India (Salt Lake City, 1999), 37–41.

Thomas Metcalf died in November 1850, before he could be baptized; William Sheppard was baptized on July 31, 1852. Millennial Star 14:541–42.

2. The Fourth General Epistle commented: “the Apostles are expected to continue in their several appointments, according to previous instruction; extending their labors into other countries, as opportunity presents, and as they shall be directed by the Holy Spirit.” Millennial Star 13:53.

3. Millennial Star 13:88, 250, 252–53; 14:59. Lorenzo Snow to Hugh Finlay, Malta, 11 March 1852, in Missionary Journals of Hugh Findlay: India–Scotland, comp. Ross and Linnie Findlay (Ephraim, Utah, 1973), 5–6.

4. Millennial Star 12:345; 13:332–33, 348–49, 362–65; 14:76, 541–42. Missionary Journals of Hugh Findlay, 1–2. Joseph S. Willes, “Brief Biographical Sketch of the Life of William Willes with Excerpts from Several Journals Kept by Him,” 6, 8, microfilm of typescript, USlC. Cf. William Willes, “The Life of William Willes,” microfilm, USlC. Britsch, Nothing More Heroic, 42–43, 51–52.

5. Willes, “Brief Biographical Sketch,” 11–12. Millennial Star 14:90–91, 153, 285–87, 315, 413–15, 670; 15:40. Deseret News, 14 May 1853, 4. Britsch, Nothing More Heroic, 43–46, 51.

Like a number of the native converts, Brigham Prankisto took the name of a Church leader, and like virtually all of them, he subsequently left the Church. The Christian churches in India had developed the custom of paying money and goods to their native members—since conversion to Christianity usually carried with it the loss of employment; and when the native converts to Mormonism found that the Latter-day Saints would not follow this custom, they abandoned the Church. Millennial Star 15:331–32. Britsch, Nothing More Heroic, 30–31, 47–49.

6. Millennial Star 14:541; 15:331–35. Britsch, Nothing More Heroic, 55–67. This second edition of Willes’s tract, printed in Agra and dated February 25, 1853, is entitled: What is Mormonism. Compiled from the writings of Elders Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, John Taylor, Orson Spencer, Samuel Brannon [sic], and others of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. By Joseph Richards, travelling elder of the East India Mission.

7. Millennial Star 14:285, 413.

8. Millennial Star 14:541–42, 670; 15:331–35. Deseret News, 14 May 1853, 4. See note 5.

9. Britsch, Nothing More Heroic, 30–31.

10. “Early Church Information.” “Record of Members, Salt Lake City Twentieth Ward, Early to 1912,” microfilm 26751, UPB. Millennial Star 13:348–49; 17:172, 189, 280. Deseret Evening News, 3 November 1890, 3; 17 November 1900, 11. Willes, “Brief Historical Sketch.” “The Life of William Willes.” Jubilee History of Latter-day Saints Sunday Schools (Salt Lake City, 1900), 28–29. Britsch, Nothing More Heroic, 293–94.

11. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” Millennial Star 16:218. “The Life of William Willes,” 24–25. Britsch, Nothing More Heroic, 291.

741 1. A summary of printing done for Utah Territory by the Deseret News includes the following entry for August 21, 1855: “To composition of 7 pages of Catologue of Utah Library not printed. Withdrawn by the Secretary after [being] set up 8,000 ems at $2.50 per 1000.” “The United States for the Territory of Utah To the Deseret News Office,” 4, typescript, UPB.

2. The LDS Church Archives has what appears to be an early version of the catalogue, part of which is in Bullock’s handwriting.

3. “Journal History,” 1 September, 6 October, 14 October 1851. Deseret News, 21 February 1852, 2. Acts, Resolutions, and Memorials, Passed by the First Annual, and Special Sessions, of the Legislative Assembly, of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1852), 98–99, 207–8. Acts and Resolutions, Passed at the Second Annual Session of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1853), 69. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council, and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1852), 16, 55–56, 102. Marjorie M. Riley, “The Territorial Library of Utah” (master’s paper, University of Denver, 1952).

The Council House, or State House, consisted “of two spacious halls, and four offices, two of which [were] occupied by the books of the Utah Library, and as Reading Rooms.” Deseret News Extra, 31 January 1852.

4. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 143. “Early Church Information File.” Deseret Evening News, 4 August 1881, 2. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 2:513–17. Elizabeth Wood Kane, Twelve Mormon Homes Visited in Succession on a Journey Through Utah to Arizona (Salt Lake City, 1974), 44. Deseret News, 1 February 1855, 3. “Journal History,” 15 February 1869, 3–4.

742 1. “Diary of Job Smith a Pioneer of Nauvoo, Illinois and Utah,” 34, mimeographed, UPB.

743 1. Dean C. Jessee, “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” BYU Studies 11 (1971): 439–73. Millennial Star 14:121–22.

The compilation of “History of Joseph Smith” was finished in August 1856. The final installment appeared in the Deseret New of January 20, 1858, and in the Star of May 2, 1863 (vol. 25, no. 18).

2. Millennial Star 14:489, 576.

3. European Mission Financial Records, 8:101–9:49, especially 8:168, 305–6; 9:49.

4. See, for example: p. 6, col. 2, line 32; p. 15, col. 1, line 12 from bottom; p. 18, col. 2, line 32; p. 21, col. 1, line 8 from bottom; p. 22, col. 2, lines 5 and 9 from bottom; p. 25, col. 2, line 13 from bottom; p. 26, col. 1, line 5 from bottom; p. 28, col. 1, line 15 from bottom; p. 29, col. 2, line 15 from bottom.

Copies of the first state, for example, are at CtY, UPB, USlC, and of the second at NjP, UPB, USlC.

744 1. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 16. History of the Church 4:416–17; 7:317. Dean C. Jessee, ed., “The John Taylor Nauvoo Journal,” BYU Studies 23 (summer 1983): 28–29. “Journal History,” 21 June 1847, 17. Andrew Jenson, Church Chronology (Salt Lake City, 1914), xvii, xxiv, 1; 23 November 1844, 22 February 1849, 7 April 1851, 16 October 1883. Millennial Star 14:356. Deseret Evening News, 17 October 1883, 2. William G. Hartley, “Edward Hunter: Pioneer Presiding Bishop,” Supporting Saints: Life Stories of Nineteenth-Century Mormons, ed. Donald Q. Cannon and David J. Whittaker (Provo, Utah, 1985), 275­–304. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:227–32. William E. Hunter, Edward Hunter: Faithful Steward (Salt Lake City, 1970).

2. Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 4:6. Deseret News, 15 November 1851, 2. Millennial Star 14:25, 36.

3. Millennial Star 14:34–35. “Journal History,” 6 October 1851, 1. Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 4:65, 74.

Felt, Banks, and Cordon were sustained again as traveling bishops the following April, when Seth Taft, David Pettigrew, Abraham Hoagland, David Fullmer, and Daniel Spencer were added to the corps of traveling bishops. That October, however, only Felt, Banks, and Cordon were sustained as traveling bishops, while Fullmer and Pettigrew were assigned to “preach the Gospel to Israel in the valleys of the mountains”; Spencer had been called to England a month earlier. Millennial Star 14:354, 356–57; 15:151. Deseret News—Extra, 14 September 1852, 10.

4. One of the copies at the LDS Church is docketed “30 Oct. 1852 Circular from the Tithing office” in Thomas Bullock’s hand.

745 1. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 53. “Early Church Information File.” Nauvoo Neighbor, 6 December 1843. Kate B. Carter, Heart Throbs of the West (Salt Lake City, 1950), 11:417. Beaver Weekly Press, 13 September 1907, 3. Deseret Evening News, 21 September 1907, 20. J. R. Kearl, Clayne L. Pope, and Larry T. Wimmer, Index to the 1850, 1860 & 1870 Censuses of Utah (Baltimore, Md., 1981), 144. Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 909. Jenson, Church Chronology, 25 September 1886, 26 March 1887, 29 April 1890. J. Cecil Alter, Early Utah Journalism (Salt Lake City, 1938), 32–33, 218–19, 383. Valley Tan, 29 February 1860, 2.

746 1. Millennial Star 14:296.

2. Millennial Star 14:635. A. F. McDonald, What Do the Latter-day Saints Believe? (Liverpool, 1853), back wrapper. A Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, Washington City, D.C. (Washington, 1854). Catalogue of Works Published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and for Sale by Orson Pratt, at Their General Repository, and “Millennial Star” Office, 42, Islington, Liverpool (Liverpool, 1856), 2. European Mission Financial Records, 8:110–11, 124, 398.

747 1. Cleo H. Evans, comp., Curtis Edwin Bolton: Pioneer Missionary (Fairfax, Va., 1968), 117.

2. Traité sur le Baptême was advertised in the March 1853 issue of T. B. H. Stenhouse’s Le Réflecteur.

748 1. “Journal of Jacob Gates,” vol. 5, 29 August, 18–20 September 1852, microfilm, USlC.

2. Millennial Star 12:139–40, 345; 13:207; 14:15, 171; 15:58, 105. “European Emigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. “Utah Immigration Card Index,” microfilm, UPB. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 13, UPB. “Early Church Information File,” microfilm, UPB. Deseret Evening News, 15 April 1892, 4. “Journal of Jacob Gates,” vols. 1–5. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:197–98.

3. “Membership Card Index (Minnie Margett’s File).” “Early Church Information File.” Temple Index Bureau, microfilm, UPB. Millennial Star 15:79. Deseret Evening News, 8 October 1883, 3; 18 August 1900, 11. John Lyon, Dairy [sic] of a Voyage from Liverpool to New Orleans, on Board the Ship International (n.p., n.d.). “Journal History,” 9 September 1853, 25. John S. Lindsay, The Mormons and the Theatre (Salt Lake City, 1905), 11, 26. J. Marinus Jensen, History of Provo, Utah (Provo, 1924), 402–3. Ancestral File, UPB.

750 1. “Journal of Lorenzo Brown,” 1:117, typescript, UPB.

2. “Journal History,” 8–10 December 1852.

3. Temple Index Bureau. “Utah Immigration Card Index.” “Journal History,” 20 May 1851; 1 December 1853 (p. 3); 5 March, 28 June, 15 November 1854; 14 July (p. 7), 7 October 1855 (p. 6); 1 March, 12 April, 28 July 1856; 29 March 1857. Journal of Discourses 4:304. “From the Biography of Thomas Wrigley” in Kate B. Carter, Our Pioneer Heritage (Salt Lake City 1962), 5:498.

4. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 293. Deseret Evening News, 29 March 1912, 1–2. Jenson, Church Chronology, 29 September 1885, 2 March 1886. Edward W. Tullidge, The History of Salt Lake City and Its Founders (Salt Lake City, 1886), biographies, 129–32. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:629–30.

751 1. I am indebted to W. Randall Dixon and Chad O. Foulger for bringing this piece to my attention. The dimensions given for it are estimates made from the microfilm.

For a biographical sketch of Erastus Bingham, see Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:600–1.

2. The Year of Jubilee: A Full Report of the Proceedings of the Fiftieth Annual Conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Held in the Large Tabernacle, Salt Lake City, Utah, April 6th, 7th, and 8th, A. D. 1880 (Salt Lake City, 1880), 61–65, 69–74. B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City, 1930), 5:589–92. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), 355.

752 1. Millennial Star 14:666; 15:105. “Utah Emigration Card Index.”

753 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1853), 3–6, 8, 123–24, 135. Wilford Woodruff’s Journal 4:154. Elias Smith, “Diaries,” 13 December 1852, photocopy, UPB. Deseret News, 25 December 1852, 2.

2. The USlC copy has the lines 200 copies: printed by authority. | George Hales, Public Printer at the end, which are absent in the UPB and UU copies.

3. Drafts of the message are in the Brigham Young papers, USlC, including what appears to be an early version in the handwriting of Daniel H. Wells.

754 1. Millennial Star 14:112, 171, 206–7; 15:78–79, 106, 137, 154.

755 1. “Journal of Lorenzo Brown,” 1:117, typescript, UPB.

2. “Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register,” 173. “Early Church Information File.” Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:753–54. Jenson, Church Chronology, 11 December 1847, 30 November 1855, 18 August 1856, 28 July 1872, 15 September 1904. Norma Baldwin Ricketts, The Mormon Battalion (Logan, Utah, 1996), 22, 75–76.

3. Temple Index Bureau. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:324. Salt Lake City Cemetery Records, D–12–1. Susan Easton Black, Membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848 (Provo, Utah, 1989), 6:707–8. Ancestral File. 1856 Utah Census, 213. Kearl, Pope, and Wimmer, Index to the 1850, 1860 & 1870 Census of Utah, 43. Kate B. Carter, Heart Throbs of the West (Salt Lake City, 1947), 1:315.

4. “Early Church Information File.” “Utah Immigration Card Index.” “Journal History,” 4 January 1858 (p. 4); 18 July (p. 3), 23 November 1868; 8 April 1869 (p. 2); 16 January (p. 2), 4 May (p. 4), 7 May (p. 2), 1 August 1870 (p. 2). Deseret News 36:549. Salt Lake City Cemetery Records, H–10–10. Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah, 745. Ancestral File.

5. “Early Church Information File.” Kearl, Pope, and Wimmer, Index to the 1850, 1860 & 1870 Census of Utah, 202. “Journal History,” 27 November 1854, 2.

756 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council and Joint Sessions (Salt Lake City, 1853), 7–11.

757–58 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council and Joint Sessions, 17–18, 80, 84–85.

759 1. European Mission Financial Records, 8:168.

2. Millennial Star 15:89–90, 253. Jenson, Church Chronology, 2 February 1851, 10 February 1852, 17 January 1853.

760 1. Journals of the House of Representatives, Council and Joint Sessions, 82, 88.

2. “Diary of Asa Calkin, 1850–58,” 1–6, 12, 145, photocopy, UPB. Temple Index Bureau. Kate B. Carter, Heart Throbs of the West (Salt Lake City, 1950), 11:403. James G. Bleak, “Annals of the Southern Utah Mission,” 61­–62, 86, 103, 283, typescript, UPB. St. George Cemetery Records and tombstone. Jenson, Biographical Encyclopedia, 4:312–13. A. K. Hafen, Devoted Empire Builders (Pioneers of St. George) (St. George, Utah, 1969), 36.

761 1. “Journal of Jacob Gates,” vol. 5, 25–26 December 1852, microfilm, USlC.

762 1. Deseret News, 27 November 1852, 2; 8 January 1853, 3. At this point the News issued every other week.

763 1. For a sketch of Alexander Weihe, see items 616–17, note 7.

766 1. An English translation of Indbydelse til Guds Rige by Christopher K. McAfee is in the Brigham Young University Lee Library.

2. “Scandinavian LDS Mission Index,” microfiche, UPB. Andrew Jenson, History of the Scandinavian Mission (Salt Lake City, 1927), 76. “Journal History,” 25 April 1857, 9.

767 1. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen (Salt Lake City, 1988), 85–87.

2. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 89.

768 1. An Autobiography of Peter Olsen Hansen, 89.

769 1. Willard Snow to S. W. Richards, 13 April 1853, Millennial Star 15:313–15.