Aberhart, William, 133, 134, 137

adoption, 210, 226n57

Aetna Welfare Committee, 136

agency, and self-reliance, 12

agriculture

Alberta Co-operative Wheat Producers, Limited, 126–27, 128

Alberta Wheat Pool, 126–28, 139

Danish immigrant employment in, 233, 239

downturn in, 344

and economic growth in Utah, 342

as source of LDS wealth, 290–93, 296–97, 299–300, 309–10

United Farmers of Alberta (UFA), 115, 116–31, 142n9, 147n112

Alberta, cooperation among Saints in, 113–16, 139–40

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, 136–39

social credit movement, 115, 131–36

United Farmers of Alberta, 115, 116–31, 142n9, 147n112

Alberta Co-operative Wheat Producers, Limited, 126–27, 128

Alberta Farmers’ Association (AFA), 118–19. See also United Farmers of Alberta (UFA)

Alberta Land and Colonization Company, 124

Alberta Wheat Pool, 126–28, 139

Alexander II, Tsar, 165

Allardt, Maximillian, 237

Allen, Andrew Jackson, 243

American Colombian Corporation, 297

American Fork Railroad, 244

Anderson, A., 121–22

Anderson, N. J., 121–22

Ashton, Marvin J., 83

Ashton, Marvin O., 355, 356–57

Austin, Emma Grace, 96–97

Austin, George, 96–97

Austin, Harriet, 96–97

Austin, John, 96–97

Babbitt, Almon W., 153

Bamberger, Simon, 143n22

banknotes

confidence in, 30

issued by banks, 27

issued by Kirtland Safety Society, 29–32, 35–36

issued by nonbanking companies, 27

public confidence in, 31

banks and banking. See also Kirtland Safety Society

banknotes issued by, 27

defined, 26–27

in early republic, 23–24

nineteenth-century boom in, 27–28

Bank War, 28

Barlow, Elizabeth Haven, 100

Barney, Elvira Stevens, 104

Barratt, Matilda Mary, 297

Bartlett, John, 244–45

Bednar, David A., 10–11

Beneficial Life, 308

Bennett, Clyde, 129

Bennett, Inez, 129

Bennett, John, 308

Bernhisel, John M., 164

Bess, T. K., 302

Biddle, Nicholas, 28

Birdenow, Betsy, 105

bitcoin, 23–24

Boutwell, George S., 286n124

Bowles, Samuel III, 168

Bradshaw, Richard W., 142n14

Brigham City Mercantile and Manufacturing Association, 69, 70

Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, 151–53, 167–69

departments of, 157–59

donations to, 159–60

establishment of, 156–57

mail service preceding, 153–55

origins and impact of, 152–53

promotion and progress of, 161–63

sites used by, 160–61, 171n40

and Utah War, 163–67, 172n45

Brigham Young University, 300, 307, 318

Brinton, Sister, 382

Brown, Homer, 191

Brown, Hugh B., 6

Brown, James, 154

Brunson, Lewis, 219

Buchanan, James, 163, 164, 170n26, 190–91, 195n22

Buckmaker, Philander Colton, 190

Burbank, Sarah Southworth, 100

Bureau of Internal Revenue, 257

Burr, David H., 164

Burton, Edward L., 307

Butler, Emma Artimissa, 383–84

Cache Knitting Works, 293–94

Caldwell, David Henry, 130

Caldwell, Walter H., 130

Callister, Thomas, 214, 215

Cannon, George Q., 79

Cannon, Joseph, 297, 309

Cannon, Sylvester Q., 343

Card, Charles Ora, 115, 125–26, 132–33

Card, Joseph Y., 130

Card, Zina Y., 125

Cardston Co. Ltd., 126

Cardston Co-operative Company, 132–33

Cardston District UFA Co-operative Association, 122

Carlisle, Thomas, 239–40

Carrington, Albert, 154–55

Cass, Lewis, 170n26

celibacy, in Shakerism, 57, 58–59

“Census Facts and Utah’s Future,” 341

Chipman, James, 246

Chorpenning, George, Jr., 169n12

Church academies

elimination of, 329–32, 333, 337n47

establishment of, 320–21, 334n12

financial challenges facing, 321–24, 336n31

secular and spiritual alternatives to, 324–26

versus seminaries, 326–32

Church education, 317–20, 332–33

establishment of Church academies, 320–21

financial challenges facing, 321–32

merits of Church schools versus seminaries, 326–32

secular and spiritual alternatives to, 324–26

Church historical sites, 4–5

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The. See also wealthy Latter-day Saints

assessed income tax, 258–60, 261–77

financial independence of, 13

financial situation of, 311–12

ideological and financial tensions in, 317–18

incorporation into mainstream America, 141n2

investment funds of, 15–16

involvement in practical aspects of daily life, 6

management of temporal affairs of, 6–7

organization of, 131

principles of financial administration of, 7–19

relationship between ZCMI and, 78–80, 82–85

relationship with federal government, 278, 320

and social credit movement, 134–35

strength of, 18

Church Security / Welfare Plan, 85, 135–36, 339–51, 367–68

City Creek Center, 87

Civil War, 257, 258. See also federal income tax

Clark, Daniel P., 213

Clark, J. Reuben, 85, 319, 344–46

Clawson, Rudger, 333

coins, minted in Salt Lake Valley, 34–35, 36

Colesville, New York, 55, 59, 60

Colfax, Schuyler, 258

commercialism, 248–49

commodity-backed paper money, 25

consecration

establishment of law of, 67–68

lands donated by Franklin G. Williams, 48–54, 60, 61n7

practice of, 68–69

properties donated by Leman Copley, 54–61

revelation concerning, 45–48

ZCMI and, 65–67, 73–76

Coombs, Mark A., 135

cooperation. See Alberta, cooperation among Saints in

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), 115, 136–39

cooperative merchandising, 67–68, 123–24. See also ZCMI

co-operative movement, 123–24

Copening, Anabelle Taylor, 297, 302, 303

Copening, Frank, 302–3

Copley, Leman, 54–61

Corinne Station, 247

cottage industries, 96, 357, 373, 374, 381–83. See also straw braiding

Crossroads Plaza, 87

Cuban Petroleum Company, 302

Cumming, Alfred, 164, 166–67, 172n57

Danish convert-immigrants, 232–42, 251. See also Jørgensen, Hans

Danish Evangelical Lutheran state church, 234–35

David P. Howells Distribution Company, 296

debt, and self-reliance, 12–13

Delano, Columbus, 262, 268

Denver & Rio Grande Western Railway, 244

Derry, Charles, 192

Deseret Currency Association, 186, 192

divorce, 199

Doctrine and Covenants 42, 45–47

Douglas, Stephen A., 165

Douglass, John W., 272, 274–75

Drummond, William W., 163–64

Dublin, Thomas, 95, 106n7

Dunstable bonnet, 94–95, 110

Eardley, Walter, 295, 313n18

Eccles, Albert, 298

Eccles, Bertha Marie, 298

Eccles, David, 298, 299

Eckels, Delana R., 164, 166

education, and wealth and status, 334n4. See also Church academies; Church education

Egan, Howard, 153, 179

Eldredge, Jane, 297–98

Ellerbeck, T. W., 271–72, 284n87

emergency preparedness, 14–15

Enoch, Order of, 73–74, 77, 348

Ensign Stake Relief Society, 368

excommunication, 266, 270, 282n61

farming. See agriculture

Far West, Missouri, consecration in, 67

federal income tax, 255–57, 278

church assessed with, 258–60

on income received in kind, 283n75

institution of, 257

issue concerning tithing as subject to, 260–77

paid by tithing payers, 284n83

fiat money, 25–26

Fife, Peter Barrows, 307

flat hats, 111

Floyd, John B., 195n22

Frederic, David, 209–10, 226n57

Free, Ruth, 105

Freece, Hans Peter, 306

gambling, 247–48

Gammeter, Emil, 305–6

Gammeter, Lounettie Black, 305

Gates, Susa Young, 359–60, 365–66

gathering of Saints. See also Salt Lake Valley; Utah; Zion

as motivation of Hans Jørgensen to move to Utah, 231–32

and spiritual and economic dream of Zion, 232–42, 250–51

and straw braiding, 96–104

George, Elizabeth, 97–98

God, following will of, 16–17

gold

as commodity money, 25

paper money and scarcity of, 26

gold rush, 34, 153

Granite High School, 325

Grant, Heber J., 308, 329–30, 340, 345, 346, 347

Great Depression, 339–40, 343–46, 367–68

Griffin, Selah, 53

Groesbeck, Nicholas, 165

Hall, C., 235, 236

Hansen, Abelone, 234

Hansen, Anders, 234

Hansen, John, 239

Hansen, Jørgen, 234

Hanson, Soren, Jr., 298

happiness, through harmony between spiritual and temporal, 5–6

Harney, William S., 165, 173n64

Hayes, Rutherford B., 320

Heiner, Moroni, 298

Hendrickson, John A., 293–94

Heywood, Joseph L., 153

Hicken, John O., 135

Hickman, William, 157, 180, 182, 188

high schools, 324, 328–29, 331, 335n23, 335n24, 336n37

Hinckley, Gordon B., 10, 11, 12–13, 18, 86

Hockaday, Isaac, 156

Hockaday, John M., 154, 164, 167

Holbrook, Joseph, 188

Hollister, O. J., 263, 264–67, 270, 272, 275, 282n60, 282n61

Home Fire Insurance Company, 308

home industries, 96, 357, 373, 374, 381–83. See also straw braiding

Hooper, William, 71–72, 268, 271–73

Howard, John, 302, 303–5

Howe, Eber, 45–46

Howells, David Parrish, 296

Huntington, Lydia Clisbee Partridge, 215, 219

Hyer, Andrew, 292–93, 297

Hyer, Ellen Gilbert, 292

Hyer, Lizzie Telford, 292

income tax. See federal income tax

independence, as spiritual principle, 11–14

Indian Relief Society, 218

Industrial Revolution, 95

institutes of religion, 325

Irvine, William, 128

Ivins, Anthony W., 346

Jackson, Andrew, 28

Jackson, Andrew Allen, 249

Jackson County, Missouri, consecration in, 67

Jacobs, Harriet Austin, 103

Jacobs, Leone O., 368

Jacobs, Zina, 100

Jennings, William, 71–72

Jensen, Christian, 128, 129

Jensen, Peter Sellebak, 247

Jesus Christ, following will of, 16–17

Johansen, Ane Christensen, 137

Johansen, Hans, 240

Johansen, John, 137–38

Johansen, Larsena Jacobsen, 137

Johansen, Peter, 137

Johnson, Aaron, 192

Johnston, Albert Sidney, 166, 167, 173n64

Jones, Nathaniel V., 160

Jørgensen, Daniel, 249

Jørgensen, Hans

conversion of, 235–36

early life of, 234–35

emigrates to Utah, 236, 238–39

employment of, 239–40, 241–42

financial situation of, 240–41, 246, 249–50

and lure of Zion, 250–51

missionary service of, 250

motivation for moving to Utah, 231–32

secures employment on railroad, 229–31, 242, 244, 245–47, 249

Jørgensen, Wilhelmine (Mine) Marie Jacobsen Bolvig, 240–41, 242, 246, 249

Kane, Thomas L., 166–67

Kimball, Hiram S., 156, 157, 170n22

Kimball, John, 183

Kimball, Sarah M., 359, 360

Kimball, Spencer W., 83

Kimball, William H., 187

Kinney, John F., 164

Kirtland, Ohio

consecration in, 48–54, 67

financial situation of Saints in, 4–5

gathering of Saints in, 46–47

houses for Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon to be built in, 55

infrastructure projects in, 28–29

land speculation in, 37

Kirtland Safety Society

banknotes issued by, 29–32, 35–36

begins operations, 29

failure of, 33–34, 37

historical context of, 27–29

and Panic of 1837, 32–33, 37

public confidence in, 31–32, 37

questions concerning, 22–23

scholarship on, 22

Kitchell, Ashbel, 58–59

Knight, Jennie, 300

Knight, Jesse, 297, 300–302, 307

Knight, Joseph, Jr., 59

Knight, Joseph, Sr., 56

Knight, Minnie, 300–301

Knight, Newel, 55, 56

Labrum, Thomas, 97–98

Larsen, Knud, 234

“Laws of the Kingdom” revelation, 45–47

Leavitt, Edward, 138, 148n123

Leavitt, Frank, 122

LeBaron, William F., 121–22

Lee, Harold B., 346–47

leghorn hats, 94, 99, 109

LeSueur, John T., 309–10

Lincoln, Abraham, 180

liquor taxes, 285n97

Little, Feramorz, 154

Logan Temple, 359

Lovell, George, 213, 220

Luck, William, 188

Lyman, Amasa

marries Partridge sisters, 204

missionary service of, 205, 214–15

petitioned for financial support, 197–99, 202, 206–7

pressured into plural marriage, 207–8

property owned by, 219, 220

as provider, 206–11, 222

relationship with family, 223n4

wives of, 224n10

Lyman, Amy Brown, 343

Lyman, Caroline Partridge

Church support for, 214

economic situation of, 205–6

land given to, 220

petitions husband for financial support, 197–99, 202, 206–7

as typical of plural marriage experience, 200–202

Lyman, Eliza Partridge

charitable donations of, 217–18

Church support for, 214

early life of, 202–5

economic situation of, 205–6

journal of, 225n34

land given to, 220–21

petitions husband for financial support, 197–99, 202, 206–7

as provider, 215–17

receives assistance from others, 211–15

as typical of plural marriage experience, 200–202

yearns for consistent provider, 206–11

yearns for stable home, 218–21

Lyman, Francis M., 256–57, 260–61, 280n27

Lyman, Ida, 223n4

Lyman, Joseph, 212, 220

Lyman, Lydia Partridge, 214, 217, 220, 222, 223n4

Lyman, Marion, 206–7, 210

Lyman, Pauline, 216

Lyman, Platte, 211–12, 216, 220

Madsen, Carol Cornwall, 99

Madsen, Richard, 84

Maeser, Karl G., 324, 332

Magraw, Robert, 163

Magraw, W. M. F., 154–55, 156, 164, 165

mail service

and Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, 156–63

early, in Salt Lake Valley, 153–55

Mangum, Lester, 297

manufacturing

downturn in, 344

and economic growth in Utah, 341–42

encouraged by Brigham Young, 69

as source of LDS wealth, 293–94

Maricopa, Arizona, Stake, 382

marriage, Church of Christ versus Shakers’ beliefs, 58–59

Marsh, Thomas, 51, 53

Maughan, Bishop, 76

Maxfield, Rosamond, 384

May Company, 86

McAuley, John, 61n7

McCulloch, Benjamin, 167

McCune, Alfred, 298

McCune, Elizabeth, 298

McIntyre, Phebe, 298

McIntyre, William, 298

McKay, David O., 328–29, 330, 331–32, 387

McKean, James B., 258–59

merchants, hostile, in Salt Lake City, 70–71

Merrell, Martha Ann Campkin, 102

Merrill, Annie Laura Hyde, 337n47

Merrill, Joseph F., 337n47

Merrill, P. C., 190

metals

as commodity money, 24–25

paper money and scarcity of precious, 26

millennialism, 134–35

mining

downturn in, 343

and economic growth in Utah, 341–42

and railroad, 243

as source of LDS wealth, 290–92, 294–95, 300–301

missionaries, financial support of, 181, 213–14

Mission Fund, 213, 214

money. See also banknotes; banks and banking

commodities serving as, 24–25

in early republic, 23–24

ideal characteristics of, 24–25

issued by banks, 26–27

issued in Salt Lake Valley, 34–36, 185–87, 192, 281n48

main functions of, 24

nineteenth-century need for, 36–37

during Revolutionary War, 26

Moore, Isaac, 48–51, 54, 60, 61n7

Mormon exodus, 14–15, 151–52

Mormon Farm Village, 114, 139

Morris, Richard V., 261

Mousley, Elisabeth, 105

Move South, 168, 191–92, 193

Murdock, John, 157

Nauvoo Legion. See also Standing Army of Israel

financing for, 180–83

requisitions supporting, 181–82, 183–84

Nauvoo period, cooperative merchandising during, 67–68

Nelson, Russell M., 13

neoliberalism, 115, 141n4

New Deal, 339–40, 343, 345–46, 350

New Jerusalem, 60

Nibley, Charles W., 298–300, 307, 310, 331

Nielsen, Maren, 234

Nielsen, Peter, 235

oil, as source of LDS wealth, 302–4

Olsen, Arden, 79–80

Order of Enoch, 73–74, 77, 348

Oregon Lumber Company, 299

out-migration, 341

Pack, John, 181

Packard, Milan, 246

Packer, Boyd K., 16–17, 318, 334n4

Palmer, Asael E., 136

palm-leaf braiding. See straw braiding

Palmyra, New York, 55

Panic of 1837, 32–33, 37

paper money

forms of, 25–26

issued by banks, 26–27

issued in Salt Lake Valley, 35–36, 185–87, 192

Jackson on, 28

during Revolutionary War, 26

and scarcity of precious metals, 26

Parkin, Bonnie D., 375

Partridge, Edward Jr., 211, 216

Partridge, Edward Sr., 56, 202–3, 204, 224n20

Partridge, Emily, 211

Passey, Myrtle, 136

Paul, Alice Hobson, 381

Perry, L. Tom, 83

persecution, 48–50

Petersen, Lyberg, 236

Peterson, A. M., 121–22

Peterson, Lawrence, 121–22, 123, 143n23

Pierce, Franklin, 156

pioneers, 14–15, 151–52

Pioneer Stake, 346–47

Pleasonton, Alfred, 275–77, 286n124

plural marriage, 197–202, 221–23

diverse economic experiences in, 199–200, 221–23

division of resources among wives, 209

and Eliza Lyman as provider, 215–17

Eliza Lyman as typical example of, 200–201, 221–23

and Eliza Lyman’s yearning for consistent provider, 206–11

and Eliza Lyman’s yearning for stable home, 218–21

and federal income tax, 258–59

and LDS settlements in Canada, 115

pressure to enter into, 207–8

property ownership in, 219–20

and receiving assistance from others, 211–15

and seizure of Church assets by US government, 78–79

and sharing goods with others, 217–18

technological advancements’ impact on, 168

and temporal support for children, 197–99, 202

poke bonnets, 110

populism, 118

Powell, Lazarus W., 167

Pratt, Parley, 58

preparedness, 14–15

Presiding Bishopric, 7, 10, 371–72

Presiding Bishop’s Building, 364–67, 370–72

provident living, 14–16. See also self-reliance

Provo Co-operative Institution, 72

public schools, 318, 321, 324, 333, 336n37

Pugsley, Rosa, 298

Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, 10

Rackliff, J. B., 293

“Raid, The,” 78–79

railroad

Hans Jørgensen secures employment on, 229–31

lure and danger of, 242–49

and spiritual and economic dream of Zion, 232–42

Reconstruction, 258

Redd, Lemuel, 297, 310

Relief Society, 101–2, 104–5, 342–43, 366–67, 369, 389–90

Relief Society Building, 355–57

conception of, 360

construction and furnishing of, 385–87

dedication of, 387–88

design of, 378–79

financial plan for, 372–78

financing for, 360–64, 366, 370–72, 373–76, 380, 381–83, 389–90

need for, 357–60

pride of ownership in, 379–81

records concerning, 383–85

renewed interest in, 369–72

and role of women in Church finances, 388–90

usurped by Presiding Bishop’s Building, 364–67, 370–72

World War II as impediment to, 367–69

Relief Society Halls, 359–60

Relief Society Social Services Department, 342–43

Revenue Act (1862), 257

Revolutionary War, 26

Reynolds, George, 322–23

Richards, Hepzibah, 99

Richards, Jane S., 359, 360

Richards, Rhoda, 99

Richards, Willard, 99

Rigdon, Sidney, 55, 58

Ritchie, Jabez, 309

Robison, Albert, 212

Robison, Alonzo, 212

Robison, J. V., 212

Rochdale Plan, 128

Rockwell, Porter, 157, 165, 188

Rockwood, Nancy, 100

Rollins, David, 103

Rollins, Mary Ann Sharratt, 103–4

Romney, Marion G., 12, 85

Roper, A., 220

Salt Lake Valley. See also gathering of Saints; Utah; ZCMI

coins minted in, 34–36

early mail service in, 153–55

facilitation of immigration to, 243

hostile merchants in, 70–71

increased immigration through, 153

land speculation in, 37

Saints’ arrival in, 152

straw braiding in, 100–103

salvation, self-reliance and, 12

San Francisco, Mormon settlement in, 34

School of the Prophets, 71, 76–77

Schurtz, Martina, 382

scrip, 33, 132, 246

Second Bank of the United States, 28

self-reliance. See also Alberta, cooperation among Saints in; cottage industries; provident living; straw braiding

and Church Security Plan, 339–51

as spiritual principle, 11–14

seminary system, 325–32, 333, 336n31

service economy, as source of LDS wealth, 295–96

Sessions, Elizabeth, 105

Sessions, Patty, 102

Shakers / Shakerism, 57–58, 262

Sharp, Marianne C., 384

Sherman, John, 272–73

silver

as commodity money, 25

paper money and scarcity of, 26

Smith, Bathsheba W., 359, 360, 363, 364–65, 366

Smith, Emma, 357

Smith, George Albert, 372–73, 388–89

Smith, Hyrum, 151–52

Smith, Joseph F., 290, 326, 327–28, 363

Smith, Joseph, Jr.

calls Saints to Kirtland, 4–5

events following martyrdom of, 151–52

financial situation of, 55

on gathering of Saints, 96

and institution of tithing, 8, 10

and Nauvoo Relief Society building, 357

Smith, Joseph, Sr., 53

Smith, Lot, 166

Smith, Lucy Merserve, 99

Smoot, Abraham O., 165

Snow, Eliza R., 99, 104, 105, 358, 359, 367

Snow, James C., 190

Snow, Lorenzo, 69, 322, 362–63

social credit movement, 131–36

Social Credit Party, 115, 133–34, 136, 147n112

Society of Equity, 118–19

soft power, 389

Spafford, Belle S., 355, 369–71, 373, 377, 378, 379, 381, 385, 388, 389

spiritual, harmony between temporal and, 5–6

Standing Army of Israel, 175–77. See also Nauvoo Legion

and Brigham Young’s financial records, 177–79

development of, 184–87

dissolution of, 191–93

outfitting, 187–90, 191

purpose of, 187

Stevens, Stringham A., 135

Stewart, I. M., 239

Stoddard, John, 299

Stoddard, Judson, 165

Stohl, Lorenzo, 294, 308

Stoker, John, 181

storehouses, 348, 349

Stout, Hosea, 100

straw braiding, 93–94, 105–6

examples of hats made in Utah, 109–11

and gathering of Saints, 96–104

and growth of outwork occupations, 95–96

history of, 94–95

Relief Societies’ involvement in, 104–5

straw hats, 94–95, 109–11

Stringham, George L., 123, 130–31

Sutter, John, 34

Sutter’s Mill, 34

Taggart, Edwin, 261–62, 264, 270, 272

Taggart, John P., 256–57, 259–63, 270–71, 276, 277, 280n27, 281n48

Tanner, N. Eldon, 83

Tariff Act (1789), 279n5

tariffs, 257

tax assessors, 256–57, 259–61, 280n24. See also federal income tax

Taylor, Annie Dyer, 104

Taylor, John, 78, 115, 141–42n5

Taylor, Leonora, 141n5

teacher training programs, 324–25, 329

telegraph, 168–69

temporal affairs

harmony between spiritual and, 5–6

in Lord’s way, 16–17

management of Church’s, 6–7

Territorial Grain Growers’ Association (TGGA), 118. See also United Farmers of Alberta (UFA)

textiles, as source of LDS wealth, 293–94. See also cottage industries; straw braiding

Thackeray, William Makepeace, 94

Thayer, Ezra, 45–47, 49–54, 60

Thompson, Jacob, 163

Thompson, Ohio, consecration of Copley properties in, 54–61

“thousand-dollar class”. See wealthy Latter-day Saints

tithing. See also wealthy Latter-day Saints

blessings of, 312

cessation of, 255–57, 273–74

and Church education, 319

and financial situation of Church, 311–12

issue concerning, as taxable income, 260–77

nonpayment of, 282n61, 282–83n79

paid by wealthy Latter-day Saints, 289–90, 291, 297–98

paid in kind, 267–68, 270, 283n69

records concerning, 282n60

as spiritual principle, 7–11

train, 168–69

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), 153

Twiss, Thomas, 160–61

Tyler, Robert, 164

Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, 95–96

Union Pacific Railroad, 243

United Farmers of Alberta (UFA), 115, 116–31, 133–34, 142n9, 147n112

United Order, 77, 85, 124–26, 135, 348

United Order Manufacturing and Building Company, 299

US Smelting, Refining and Mining Company, 295

Utah. See also Salt Lake Valley; Standing Army of Israel; Utah War; Zion

economy of, 341–42, 343–44

out-migration from, 341

Utah & Pleasant Valley Railway, 229–31, 242, 243–45, 250–51

Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, 300

Utah Southern Railway, 243, 244

Utah War. See also Standing Army of Israel

and Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, 163–67, 172n45

cost to United States, 190–91

U.S. financing of, 195n22

visiting teaching, and fundraising for Relief Society Building, 376

Walker, Olive, 102

Waterloo, New York, 55

wealth, 289, 334n4

wealthy Latter-day Saints

absent from 1917 roster of high tithe payers, 298

Church callings and service of, 307

financial decline of, 308–9

financial histories of, 298–307

interpersonal networks of, 307–8

letters from Presiding Bishopric to, 289–90, 310–11

list of members who paid $1,000 or more in tithing, 291

sources of wealth of, 290–97

women entrepreneurs as, 297–98

welfare farms, 135, 136

Welfare Plan, 85, 135–36, 339–51, 367–68

Wells, Daniel H., 166, 183, 239, 255, 267, 274

Whitmer, John, 49–50, 55, 57, 59

Whitney, Newel K., 100

Widtsoe, John A., 329

Willardson, Annie Forrester, 383

Williams, Frederick G., 48–54, 60, 61n7

Williams, Hannah Brandham, 99–100

Willie, James G., 189

women. See also cottage industries; straw braiding

contributions to construction of church buildings, 358–59, 380

role in Church finances, 388–90

as wealthy LDS entrepreneurs, 297–98

Wood, Henry Wise, 119–20, 126, 128

Wood, James Forest, 135

Woodruff, Wilford, 321, 322, 331–32

Woodson, Samuel, 154

Woodward, Absalom, 169n12

Woolford, Thomas H., 118, 142n14

“Word and Will of the Lord, The,” 14

World War II, 368–69

Wright, Harold, 382

Wright, Lorenzo, 382

Yates, Richard E., 180, 182, 183

Young, Brigham. See also Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company; Standing Army of Israel

consecration and cooperative merchandising under, 68–70

encourages boycott of hostile merchants, 70–71

and establishment of ZCMI, 71–72, 73

and federal income tax, 257, 261–77

financial records of, 177–79

following martyrdom of Joseph Smith, 151–52

goes to Kirtland, 4–5

leadership style of, 177

and Move South, 191–92

on practicality of Church, 6

promotes Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, 161–63

and provident living, 14

and self-sufficiency of Saints, 11–12, 101–2

and Utah War, 165–66

wives of, 221

on ZCMI, 73–74, 76, 77

Young, Emily, 221

Young, Martha Webb Campkin, 102

Young, Phineas, 76–77

Young, Willard, 325–26

Young, Zina D. H., 360, 363

Y. X. Carrying Company. See Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company

ZCMI, 65–66, 86–87

business model of, 73, 89n33

closure of, 81–86

competition of, 81–82

expansion of, 80, 81

failure to shop at, 76–77

growth of, 73

opening of, 72

organization of, 71–72

precursors to, 69–70

purpose of, 73–76

relationship between Church and, 78–80, 82–85

and theological underpinnings of Church, 66–69

and United Order, 77, 85

Zion. See also gathering of Saints; Salt Lake Valley; Utah

facilitation of immigration to, 243

spiritual and economic dream of, 232–42, 250–51

Zions Bank, 82, 308